Process for the preparation of aldehydes
AssigneeShell Oil Company
InventorEit Drent
Life of this patent
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Abstract
Process for the preparation of aldehydes by hydroformylation of an alkenically unsaturated compound in the presence of (a) Pd, a Pd compound, Pt and/or a Pt compound, (b) an anion of a carboxylic acid with a pK.sub.a <2, and (c) a bidentate ligand R.sup.1 R.sup.2 -M-R-M-R.sup.3 R.sup.4, wherein M is P, As or Sb, R is a divalent organic bridging group having at least 3 carbon atoms in the bridge, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrocarbon groups.
Claims16
A process for the preparation of aldehydes by hydroformylation of an alkenically unsaturated compound having at least 5 carbon atoms per molecule, which comprises contacting the alkenically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide, in a molar ratio of carbon monoxide to unsaturated compound in the range from 5:95 to 95:5, and hydrogen, in a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide between about 12:1 and 1:12, at a temperature between about 20.degree. and 200.degree. C. and at a pressure between about 1 and 100 bar in the presence of an aprotic solvent and a catalytic system comprising
- (a) one or more catalysts selected from the group consisting of palladium, palladium compounds, platinum and platinum compounds, in a quantity in the range from 10.sup.-8 to 10.sup.-1 mol of catalyst per mol of alkenically unsaturated compound,
- (b) one or more anions of one or more carboxylic acids having a pKa<2, measured in aqueous solution at 18.degree. C., in a quantity of at least 5 equivalents of carboxylic acid anions per gram atom of palladium and platinum, and
- (c) one or more bidentate ligands of the formula ##STR5## wherein M represents phosphorus, arsenic or antimony, R represents a divalent organic bridging group having at least three carbon atoms in the bridge, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different hydrocarbon groups, in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 mols of bidentate ligand per mol of palladium, palladium compound, platinum and platinum compound.
A process for the preparation of aldehydes by hydroformylation of an alkenically unsaturated compound having at least 5 carbon atoms per molecule, which comprises contacting the alkenically unsaturated starting material having a linear structure in a major portion of the molecules with carbon monoxide, in a molar ratio of carbon monoxide to unsaturated compound in the range from 5:95 to 95:5, and hydrogen, in a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide between about 12:1 and 1:12, at a temperature between about 20.degree. and 200.degree. C. and at a pressure between about 1 and 100 bar in the presence of an aprotic solvent and a catalytic system comprising
- (a) one or more catalysts selected from the group consisting of palladium, palladium compounds, platinum and platinum compounds, in a quantity in the range from 10.sup.-8 to 10.sup.-1 mol of catalyst per mol of alkenically unsaturated compound,
- (b) one or more anions of one or more carboxylic acids having a pKa<2, measured in aqueous solution at 18.degree. C., in a quantity of at least 5 equivalents of carboxylic acid anions per gram atom of palladium and platinum, and
- (c) one or more bidentate ligands of the formula ##STR6## wherein M represents phosphorus, arsenic or antimony, R represents a divalent organic bridging group having at least three carbon atoms in the bridge, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different hydrocarbon groups, in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 mols of bidentate ligand per mol of palladium, palladium compound, platinum and platinum compound.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.