A method for reciprocally positioning an optical fiber and a semiconductor laser, the wafer of the laser being mounted in a case without cover and the fiber substantially parallel to the emissive axis of the laser, being introduced into the case through one of its walls, in which process the laser and the fiber are located with respect to a fixed reference system formed by the optical axis common to an image forming optical device and to a differential optical detector which picks up the energy radiated by the laser in a direction perpendicular to the emission axis of the laser.