Composition and process for the treatment of keratin materials with polymers

A composition for the cosmetic treatment of hair, skin or nails consisting essentially of an anionic polymer, a cationic polymer and a solvent medium, said anionic and cationic polymers being present in an amount from about 0.01 to 10% by weight, wherein said anionic polymer is selected from the group consisting of:

• (a) The terpolymers which result from the copolymerization of:
• (a) crotonic acid, (b) vinyl acetate, and (c) an allyl or methallyl ester corresponding to the following formulae:
• ##STR84## in which R' represents a hydrogen atom or a --CH.sub.3 radical;
• R.sub.1 represents a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 represents either the --CH.sub.3 radical or the --HC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 radical, provided that R.sub.1 +R.sub.2 must have not more than 7 carbon atoms, the salts thereof or the said polymers which have been cross-linked;
• (b) The tetra- and penta-polymers which comprise the copolymers which result from the copolymerization of:
• (a) an unsaturated acid which is crotonic acid or allyloxyacetic acid;
• (b) vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate;
• (c) at least one branched allyl or methallyl ester corresponding to formulae (11) defined above, and (d) a monomer selected from the group consisting of:
• (i) a vinyl ether of the formulae:
• CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--O--R.sub.3 ( 12)
• in which R.sub.3 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, (ii) a fatty chain vinyl ester of the formulae:
• ##STR85## in which R.sub.4 is a linear alkyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and (iii) a linear allyl or methallyl ester of the formulae:
• ##STR86## in which R' is a hydrogen atom or a --CH.sub.3 radical and R.sub.5 is a linear alkyl radical having 1 to 11 carbon atoms;
• (c) The ter-, tetra- and penta-polymers and higher polymers resulting from the copolymerization of (i) at least one water-insoluble monomer of the formulae:
• ##STR87## in which R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent either a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 10 inclusive and (ii) at least one water-soluble monomer of the formulae:
• ##STR88## in which R' represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, Z represents a linear or branched alkylene radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two hydroxymethyl groups, and m is 0 or 1 and R.sub.4 denotes H or --COR.sub.6, R.sub.6 being OH or --NH--R.sub.7 and R.sub.7 denoting H or --Z--OH, and R.sub.5 denotes H or --CH.sub.3 when m=0, and R.sub.4 denotes H and R.sub.5 denotes CO-R.sub.6 when m=1, and (iii) at least one further monomer selected from the group consisting of:
• acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, N-vinylpyrrolidone and the acrylates and methacrylates of the formulae:
• ##STR89## in which R' represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, 2 is 3 or 4 and R" is a methyl or ethyl radical;
• (d) The tetrapolymers, pentapolymers or higher polymers which result from the copolymerization of more than one monomer of the formulae (15) and/or more than one monomer of the formulae (16) and/or more than one monomer from the third group (iii);
• (e) The copolymers resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer of the formulae (15), a monomer of the formulae (16), a monomer of group (iii) and at least one further monomer, selected from the group consisting of:
• styrene and a monomer corresponding to one of the formulae (18) to (22) which follow:
• ##STR90## in which R.sub.8 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical;
• ##STR91## in which R.sub.9 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical and R.sub.10 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 OH group or ##STR92## in which R.sub.11 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical ##STR93## in which R' is an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and s is 0 to 1, and ##STR94## in which R.sub.14 represents a saturated linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 17 carbon atoms;
• (f) The tetrapolymers, pentapolymers or higher copolymers which result from the copolymerization of more than one monomer of the formulae (15) and (16) and more than one monomer of group (iii) in the presence of styrene or of another monomer of the formulae (18) to (22) above;
• (g) The polymers resulting from the copolymerization of (i) at least one monomer of the formulae (15), (ii) at least one monomer of the formulae (23) ##STR95## in which p is 0 or 1 and R.sub.15 denotes H or COOH and R.sub.16 denotes H or CH.sub.3 when p is 0, and R.sub.15 denotes H and R.sub.16 denotes COOH when p=1, and (iii) at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride and the monomers of the formulae (16) and (17);
• (h) The copolymers resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer (15), a monomer (23), a monomer of group (iii) and a monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, N-vinylpyrrolidone and the monomers of the formulae (18), (19), (20) and (22), defined above, and (24) ##STR96## in which R.sub.17 represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sub.17 being in the salt from and cross-linked;
• (i) The terpolymers of vinyl acetate, crotonic acid and the vinyl ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid which is branched in the alpha-position and has at least 5 carbon atoms in the carboxylic radical,
• said branched esters being derived from an acid of the formulae:
• ##STR97## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are an alkyl radical and R.sub.3 denotes H or an alkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl or aryl radical;
• (j) The tetrapolymers which comprise about 70 to 80% of N-t-butylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide, about 5 to 15% of acrylamide or methacrylamide, about 5 to 15% of N-vinylpyrrolidone and about 1 to 10% of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, the percentages being by weight relative to the total weight of the composition;
• (k) The copolymers of the sodium salt of acrylic acid and acrylamide;
• (l) The polyacrylamides which contain carboxylate groups;
• (m) The copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid in the form of an alkali metal salt thereof, and vinyl alcohol;
• (n) Non-crosslinked water soluble polymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a copolymer of said acrylic acid or said methacrylic acid with a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer;
• (o) A polymer derived from an ethylene .alpha.,.beta.-dicarboxylic acid which is:
• a copolymer of said acid with a compound containing a ##STR98## group, which is a vinyl ester, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl vinyl ether, or acrylic acid, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 half-ester of a said copolymer defined above, a copolymer of said acid with an olefine having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, which copolymers are partially esterified with an alkanol, a copolymer of said acid with an allyl or methallyl ester, which copolymers are monoesterified with an aliphatic alcohol or amidified with an aliphatic, cyclic or heterocyclic amine or, a terpolymer of said acid with an allyl or methallyl ester and an acrylamide or methacrylamide, in which the acid groups are mono-esterified or amidified, or a polymer derived from said monomers and an .alpha.-olefine, vinyl ether or acrylic or methacrylic ester and optionally acrylic or methacrylic acid or N-vinylpyrrolidone.