Reversible electrolytic system for softening and dealkalizing water

An electrolytic apparatus for softening and dealkalizing raw water containing hardness producing ions such as calcium and magnesium ions in the form of soluble salts thereof and alkaline producing ions such as carbonate and bi-carbonate ions in the form of soluble salts thereof, said apparatus comprising:

• (A) at least two serially arranged compartments including:
• (I) a first compartment;
• (II) a non-corrodable graphite electrode disposed in said first compartment;
• (III) a second compartment immediately adjacent said first compartment;
• (IV) a non-corrodable graphite electrode disposed in said second compartment;
• (B) a cation exchange memberane separating said first from said second compartment;
• (C) means for introducing raw water in hydraulic parallel into both said compartments;
• (D) means for supplying direct electric current;
• (E) means for applying said direct electric current to said electrodes with a specific polarity DC voltage applied to either one of said electrodes and the opposite DC polarity applied to the other said electrode;
• (F) means to reverse the DC polarities applied to said electrodes at intervals of several minutes so tht during one period of time one electrode and its compartment is cathodic and the other electrode and its compartment is anodic and during the next succeeding periond of time the formerly cathodic electrode and its compartment become anodic and the formerly anodic electrode and its compartment become cathodic;
• (G) the undesired calcium and magnesium ions in a then anodic compartment passing through the cation exchange member into a then cathodic compartment under the influence of the appled DC voltage;
• (H) the undesired carbonate and bicarbonate ions converting into carbon dioxide gas at a then anodic electrode;
• (I) means to draw soft-dealkalized water from a then anodic compartment;
• (J) means to deposit some water insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide on a then cathodic electrode which dissipate when said electrode becomes anodic upon reversal of polarities;
• and
• (K) a first flow distributor between one side of the cation exchange member and the electiode in said first compartment, and a second flow distributor between another side of the cation exchange member and the electrode in said second compartment, each flow distributor having a serpentine passageway to facilitate water flow in the compartments.