Reduced resistance skin effect heat generating system

A skin effect heat generating pipe for use with a low frequency alternating current power source comprising:

• a ferromagnetic pipe having a thickness substantially greater than the penetration depth of current of the frequency of the power source, said pipe having first and second ends, said first end of said ferromagnetic pipe being connectable to a first terminal of the power source;
• a shunt conductor comprising a conductive layer applied to and in electrical contact with the inner surface of said ferromagnetic pipe substantially throughout the length of said shunt conductor, and shunt conductor and said pipe forming a parallel resistance circuit, where said shunt conductor and said pipe each are capable of conducting substantial current;
• a return electrical conductor installed in said ferromagnetic pipe, said return conductor having a first and a second end, said first end of said return conductor being electrically connected to the second end of said ferromagnetic pipe and said second end of said return conductor being connectable to a second terminal of the power source, said return conductor being electrically insulated from said ferromagnetic pipe at all points away from said return conductor first end;
• whereby heat is generated in said pipe and said shunt conductor in response to the flow of current from the power source through the parallel electrical circuit formed by said pipe and said shunt conductor which is returned to the power source via said return conductor.