# US 4,564,918 A · Method and apparatus for measuring the time difference between two sampling times > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,564,918 A - Document ID: US4564918A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/459,972 - Filed: 1983-01-21 - Granted: 1986-01-14 - Earliest claimed: 1982-01-26 - Assignees: Willi Studer AG - Inventors: Guy W. W. McNally; Roger Lagadec; Daniele P. C. Pelloni - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4564918A ## CPC - G04F 10/04: by counting pulses or half-cycles of an AC {(G04F10/005 takes precedence)} - H04L 25/05: Electric or magnetic storage of signals before transmitting or retransmitting for changing the transmission rate - G04F: TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING (measuring pulse characteristics G01R, e.g. G01R29/02; in radar or like systems G01S) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract Equidistant timing pulses are counted during the time between the arrival of a first pulse edge of a first signal sequence and the arrival of a following second pulse edge of another signal sequence and are averaged to a mean value with equidistant timing pulses of an immediately preceding count between two pulse edges of the two signal sequences. The continuously formed mean values are accumulated with mean values of preceding cycles and in each case the least significant bit is further processed. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for measuring the time difference between sampling points of two sampled signals comprising the steps of generating a sequence of equally spaced clock pulses, counting said equally spaced clock pulses between the arrivals of first pulse edges in the first signal and the arrival of second pulse edges in the second signal, averaging the number of clock pulses counted during the periods between two successive arrivals to give the actual mean value of a control cycle, and accumulating the actual mean values of control cycles. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1, wherein the method is used for measuring the time difference between the input and output sampling times of a sample rate converter, and including the steps of employing one of the frequency of the input sampling and the frequency of the output sampling as a processing control frequency and the other thereof as a processing counting frequency, and increasing the counting frequency as a function of the result of the employment of said frequencies. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) A method according to claim 2 wherein the higher of the input and output sampling frequencies is used as said processing control frequency. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein the first and second pulse edges are in first and second sampling signals, respectively, one of the signals being employed as a counting frequency signal and the other as a control frequency signal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) A method according to claim 4 and including increasing the counting frequency by 2.sup.K, delaying the actual control cycle by 2.sup.L sampling interval, delaying of the actual means value by 1 sampling interval, summing the actual control interval with the inverse of the control interval delayed by 2.sup.L sampling periods and with the mean value delayed by one sampling interval, accumulating the actual mean values to the (K+L) bit, and separating the least significant bit from the (K+L) bit for further processing. ### Claim 6 An apparatus for measuring the time difference between sampling points of two sampled signals comprising reversing switch means for receiving the two signals being sampled and for providing at a first output one of the signals having a frequency to be employed as a control frequency and at a second output the other signal having a frequency to be employed as a counting frequency; a source of clock pulses; counter circuit means for counting clock pulses between selected pulses of the control and counting frequency signals; circuit means for averaging the counts in successive counting cycles; and an accumulator circuit for storing the results of the averaging. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said counter circuit means includes a phase locked loop and a counter. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said accumulator circuit includes a storage circuit on the output side in a loop connection. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said said averaging circuit mean comprises a first delay line and a second delay line and an addition node, and circuit means for supplying to said node the outputs of the two delay lines and the output of the counter circuit means. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) A circuit arrangement according to claim 9 wherein said reversing switch means includes a logic circuit and a store for storing the switchover data. ### Claim 11 A method for measuring the time difference between pulse edges of a first and second signal, each composed of a sequence of pulses, comprising the steps of providing a sequence of equally spaced clock pulses, said clock pulses having a frequency which is substantially higher than the frequency of the pulse edges of said first and second signal and which is derived from the frequency of the pulse edges of the first signal, counting clock pulses between the arrivals of successive pulse edges of the second signal, said successive pulse edges defining a period, averaging the number of clock pulses counted during a plurality of periods to give an actual mean value, accumulating two successive actual means values, and subtracting an overflow from the accumulated actual mean values. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A method according to claim 11, and using the method for measuring the time difference between pulse edges of input and output signals of a sampling rate converter, whereby the pulse edges define sampling points of sampled signals, and including the steps of employing the frequency of the pulse edges of one of the input signal and the output signal as a processing control frequency and employing the other thereof as a processing counting frequency, and increasing the processing counting frequency up to a clock frequency of said clock pulses. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A method according to claim 12, wherein the frequency of the one of the input and the output signals with the higher frequency is used as the processing control frequency, and said processing control frequency starting and stopping the counting of clock pulses. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) A method according to claim 11, wherein the pulse edges of the first and second signal are defining sampling points of respective first and second sampled signals and wherein one of the signals is employed as a counting frequency signal and the other as a control frequency signal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) A method according to claim 14, and including increasing the frequency of the counting frequency signal by 2.sup.k, delaying the result of the counting of clock pulses during an actual period by a number of time intervals each corresponding to the interval between two successive sampling points of one of the sampled signals, said number of time intervals being 2.sup.L, delaying the actual mean value by a time interval corresponding to the interval between two successive sampling points of one of the sampled signals, summing of the result of the counting during the actual period with the inverse of the delayed result of the counting by 2.sup.L intervals and with the mean value delayed by one of said intervals, and accumulating two successive mean values to an accuracy of (K+L) bit, and separating the least significant bits from the acculumated (K+L) bits for further processing. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) A method according to claim 11, comprising the steps of comparing the frequency of the pulse edges of the first and the second signal, and taking the signal with the lower frequency as the first signal and taking the signal with the higher frequency as the second signal. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) A method according to claim 11, wherein said averaging is performed by correcting a previously computed mean value by numbers of clock pulses counted during an old period and an actual period. ### Claim 18 An apparatus for measuring the time difference between pulse edges of a first and a second signal composed of sequences of pulses comprising reversing switch means for receiving the first and the second signal, said reversing switch means comprising a first output for one of the signals and a second output for the other signal, a source of clock pulses, counter circuit means for counting clock pulses between pulse edges of the first or the second signal, circuit means for computing mean values of counted clock pulses from a plurality of counted clock pulses, and an accumulator circuit for accumulating computed mean values. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said counter circuit means includes a phase locked loop and a counter. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said accumulator circuit includes a storage circuit connected on the output side in a loop connection. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said circuit means for computing mean values comprises a first delay line and a second delay line and an addition node, and circuit means for supplying to said node the outputs of the two delay lines and the output of the counter circuit means. ### Claim 22 (depends on 18) An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said reversing switch means includes a logic circuit and a store for storing data relating to the state of the switch means.