Hydrocracking with catalytically active amorphous silica and zeolites

A hydrocracking process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon in the presence of hydrogen under hydrocracking conditions with a catalyst prepared by a method comprising forming a hydrogel in a reaction mixture comprising water, silicate anions and quaternary ammonium cations having a nitrogen atom bonded to four carbon atoms, and dehydrating the hydrogel to yield a product containing a substantial proportion of amorphous silica gel.

The process defined in class 8 wherein said catalyst further comprises at least one hydrogenation metal component and at least one zeolite component.

A hydrocracking process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon in the presence of hydrogen under hydrocracking conditions with a catalyst prepared by a method comprising acidifying a reaction mixture comprising sodium silicate, water and a quaternary ammonium cation having a nitrogen atom bonded to four carbon atoms, allowing a hydrogel to form in the reaction mixture, separating the hydrogel from the reaction mixture and removing one or more metals from said hydrogel, and dehydrating said hydrogel to produce a product containing a substantial proportion of amorphous silica gel.

A hydrocracking process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon in the presence of hydrogen under hydrocracking conditions with a catalyst prepared by a method comprising (a) forming a hydrogel in a reaction mixture comprising water, silicate anions and a quaternary ammonium cation having a nitrogen atom bonded to four carbon atoms, said quaternary ammonium cation is introduced into said reaction mixture by addition of one or more precursors thereof, said precursors being selected from the group consisting of (1) quaternary ammonium compounds containing a nitrogen atom bonded to four carbon atoms and having at least some solubility in water and (2) amines or ammonia in combination with an emulsifying agent and one or more alkyl compounds containing a halide or sulfate, said alkyl compounds being present in an amount at least sufficient to bond at least one nitrogen atom of the amines or ammonia to four carbon atoms, and (b) dehydrating the hydrogel to yield a product containing a substantial proportion of amorphous silica gel.

The process defined in class 21 wherein said catalyst further comprises at least one hydrogenation component and at least one zeolite component.

A hydrodewaxing process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon under hydrodewaxing conditions with a catalyst prepared by a method comprising forming a hydrogel or precipitate in a reaction mixture comprising water, silicate anions and an organic reactant selected from the group consisting of amines having a pK.sub.a value above 10.0, quaternary ammonium cations having a nitrogen atom bonded to four carbon atoms, quaternary phosphonium cations having a phosphorus atom bonded to four carbon atoms, precursors of the foregoing and mixtures thereof, and dehydrating the resultant hydrogel or precipitate to yield a product containing amorphous silica.

A hydrodewaxing process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon in the presence of hydrogen under hydrodewaxing conditions with a catalyst prepared by a method comprising (a) forming a hydrogel in a reaction mixture comprising water, silicate anions and a quaternary ammonium cation having a nitrogen atom bonded to four carbon atoms, said quaternary ammonium cation is introduced into said reaction mixture by addition of one or more precursors thereof, said precursors being selected from the group consisting of (1) quaternary ammonium compounds containing a nitrogen atom bonded to four carbon atoms and having at least some solubility in water and (2) amines or ammonia in combination with an emulsifying agent and one or more alkyl compounds containing a halide or sulfate, said alkyl compounds being present in an amount at least sufficient to bond pat least one nitogen atom of the amines or ammonia to four carbon atoms, and (b) dehydrating the hydrogel to yield a product containing a substantial proportion of amorphous silica gel.

A hydrodewaxing process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon in the presence of hydrogen under hydrodewaxing conditions with a catalyst prepared by a method comprising forming a hydrogel in a reaction mixture comprising water, silicate anions and quaternary ammonium cations having a nitrogen atom bonded to four carbon atoms, and dehydrating the hydrogel to yield a product containing a substantial proportion of amorphous silica gel.

A hydrodewaxing process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon in the presence of hydrogen under hydrodewaxing conditions with a catalyst prepared by a method comprising acidifying a reaction mixture comprising sodium silicate, water and a quaternary ammonium cation having a nitrogen atom bonded to four carbon atoms, forming a hydrogel in the reaction mixture, separating the hydrogel from the reaction mixture, separating the hydrogel from the reaction mixture and removing sodium from said hydrogel, and dehydrating said hydrogel to produce a product containing a substantial proportion of amorphous silica gel.