Method for heating solid electrolyte

A method of heating a solid electrolyte which is ion-conductive at temperatures above room temperature, comprising:

• providing an electric resistance heating element in contacting engagement with a solid electrolyte wherein heat generated by said electric resistance heating element causes a temperature of the solid electrolyte to rise above room temperature, thereby reducing an electrical resistance of said electrolyte and permitting said electrolyte to become ion-conductive;
• and
• applying an alternating current from an AC power source connected to opposite ends of the electric resistance heating element so as to flow an alternating current to the electric resistance heating element, wherein said alternating current from the AC power source has a frequency of about 1 kHz to about 100 kHz such that an interface impedance between said solid electrolyte and said electric resistance heating element to which said AC source is connected is largely independent of an interface capacitance between said solid electrolyte and said electric resistance heating element, whereby heat is generated in the electric resistance heating element by flowing the alternating current therethrough and heat is also generated in the solid electrolyte by flowing an alternating current directly through the solid electrolyte, a heating of the solid electrolyte being dependent upon a temperature-sensitive resistance of the solid electrolyte being heated by the electric resistance heating element.