Tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke compositions
AssigneeUnion Carbide Corporation
InventorsMyron D. Nicholson, John H. Beckman
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A tar-depleted, concentrated liquid smoke is made that has superior flavoring and coloring abilities, low phenolic content, and a low acid content. It may also be partially neutralized to form a low viscosity, partially neutralized, tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke composition. Both the partially neutralized and unneutralized compositions are suitable for use in commercial process equipment to make smoke impregnated cellulosic food casings.
Claims63
A food casing having an absorptive index of at least 0.25 at a wavelength of 340 nm and containing a coating prepared by treating a casing surface with a tar-depleted concentrated liquid smoke composition having an absorptive power of at least about 0.15 at a wave length of 340 nm, a total acid content greater than about 12 and less that about 40 weight percent, and a carbonyl content greater than about 200 mg/ml, wherein said tar-depleted concentrated liquid smoke composition is derived from a substantially unneutralized tar-depleted liquid smoke fraction having a light transmittance of at least 50%.
A method for making a food casing having smoke color, odor and flavor constituents, and an absorptive index of at least about 0.25 at a wavelength of 340 nm, comprising contacting a surface of a food casing with a tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke composition made by (1) contacting a substantially unneutralized aqueous, tar-containing, liquid smoke solution and a liquid solvent at a volume ratio between about 1:1 and about 65:1, respectively, under conditions sufficient to form a tar-enriched, liquid solvent fraction and a substantially unneutralized, aqueous, tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction, the tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction, having an absorptive power of at least about 0.15 at a wave length of 340 nm and the tar-containing liquid smoke solution having an absorptive power of at least about 0.25 at a wave length of 340 nm, the liquid solvent being nonreactive with the liquid smoke solution or reactive with the liquid smoke solution to form a derivative liquid solvent, the liquid solvent being immiscible in the liquid smoke solution, the liquid solvent having a hydrogen bonding solubility parameter in the environment of the liquid smoke solution of at least about 2.7;
- (2) separating the tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction from the tar-enriched liquid solvent fraction;
- and (3) concentrating the tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction at a temperature less than about 70.degree. C. to a concentration ratio of from about 2:1 to about 5:1 to form the tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke composition.
The method of claim 43 wherein the tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction is concentrated at a temperature less than about 50.degree. C.
The method of claim 43 wherein the tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction is concentrated to a concentration ratio between about 3:1 and 4:1.
A method for making a food casing having smoke color, odor and flavor constituents, and an absorptive index of at least 0.25 at a wavelength of 340 nm, comprising contacting a surface of a food casing with a tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke composition derived from a substantially unneutralized tar-depleted liquid smoke fraction having an absorptive power of at least about 0.15 at a wavelength of 340 nm, and a light transmittance of at least about 50%, said tar-depleted liquid smoke fraction having been concentrated at a temperature of less than about 70.degree. C. to a concentration ratio of between about 2:1 and 5:1.
A method for making a food casing having smoke color, odor and flavor constituents, and an absorptive index of at least 0.25 at a wavelength of 340 nm, comprising contacting a surface of a food casing with a partially neutralized, tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke composition derived from a substantially unneutralized tar-depleted liquid smoke fraction having an absorptive power of at least about 0.15 at a wave length of 340 nm, and a light transmittance of at least about 50%, said tar-depleted liquid smoke fraction having been concentrated at a temperature of less than about 70.degree. C. to a concentration ratio of between about 2:1 and 5:1 to form said tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke composition, which is than neutralized to a pH greater than 3, said tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke composition having a total acid content less than about 40 weight percent and a viscosity less than about 500 centipoise at 25.degree. C.
A food casing having smoke color, odor and flavor constituents, and an absorptive index of at least 0.25 at a wave length of 340 nm, said food casing having been treated with a tar-depleted, concentrated liquid smoke composition having a total acid content less than about 40 weight percent made by (1) contacting a substantially unneutralized aqueous, tar-containing, liquid smoke solution and a liquid solvent at a volume ratio between about 1:1 and about 65:1, respectively, under conditions sufficient to form a tar-enriched, liquid solvent fraction and a substantially unneutralized, aqueous, tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction, the tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction, having an absorptive power of at least about 0.15 at a wave length of 340 nm and the tar-containing liquid smoke solution having an absorptive power of at least about 0.25 at a wave length of 340 nm, the liquid solvent being nonreactive with the liquid smoke solution or reactive with the liquid smoke solution to form a derivative liquid solvent, the liquid solvent being immiscible in the liquid smoke solution, the liquid solvent having a hydrogen bondiqg solubility parameter in the environment of the liquid smoke solution of at least about 2:7;
- (2) separating the tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction from the tar-enriched liquid solvent fraction;
- and (3) concentrating the tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction at a temperature less than about 70.degree. C. to a concentration ratio of from about 2:1 to about 5:1 k to form the tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke composition.
A food casing having smoke color, odor and flavor constituents and an absorptive index of at least 0.25 at a wavelength of 349 nm, said food casing having been treated to form a coating with a tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke composition derived from a substantially unneutralized tar-depleted liquid smoke fraction having a light transmittance of at least about 50%, and an absorptive power of at least about 0.15 at a wavelength of 340 nm said tar-depleted liquid smoke fraction having been concentrated at a temperature of less than about 70.degree. C. to a concentration ratio of between about 2:1 and 5:1.
The food casing of claim 81 wherein the tar-depleted, liquid smoke fraction is concentrated to a concentration ratio between about 3:1 and 4:1.
A food casing having smoke color, odor and flavor constituents and an abosorptive index of from about 0.25 to about 0.9 at a wavelength of 340 nm, said food casing having been treated to form a coating with a partially neutralized tar-depleted concentrated, liquid smoke composition derived from a substantially unneutralized tar-depleted liquid smoke fraction having an absortive power of at least about 0.15 at a wavelength of 340 nm, and a light transmittance of at least about 50%, said tar-depleted liquid smoke fraction having been concentrated at a temperature of less than about 70.degree. C. to a concentration ratio of between about 2:1 and 5:1, said tar-depleted, concentrated, liquid smoke composition having a total acid content less than about 40 weight percent and a viscosity less than about 500 centipoise at 25.degree. C.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.