Method of forming thin optical membranes

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a precise, predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, the precision being plus or minus about 2%, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness of less than about 2% over a distance of at least about 2.5 centimeters, and a capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light over a span of wavelengths of incident light where the span of wavelengths of said incident light is in the range of about 260 to 1,000 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a precise, predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, the precision being plus or minus about 2%, and a capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light with less than about 3% combined absorption, diffraction and dispersion losses of said incident light where the wavelength span for the average transmission of incident light is in the range of about 260 to about 1,000 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined, precise thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, the precision being plus or minus about 2%, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 260 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined, precise thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, the precision being plus or minus about 2%, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness of less than about 2% over a distance of at least 2.5 centimeters, and the capacity to transmit about 99% of incident light at at least one predetermined wavelength of incident light in the range of about 260 to about 1,000 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a precise, predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers with a precision of plus or minus about 2%, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness of less than about 2% over a distance of at least 2.5 centimeters, and the capacity to transmit about 99% of incident light at at least one predetermined wavelength of incident light in the range of about 260 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined, precise thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, the precision being plus or minus about 2%, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness of less than about 2% over a distance of at least about 2.5 centimeters, said membrane being a pellicle with a capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the incident light wavelengths range from about 260 nanometers to about 450 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, with a precision of plus or minus about 2%, and a capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light over a span of wavelengths of incident light in the range of about 260 to about 1,000 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed and having a precise, predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, the precision being plus or minus about 5%, and a capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light over a span of wavelengths of said incident light in the range of about 260 to about 1,000 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined, precise thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 300 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined, precise thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, the precision being plus or minus about 2%, and the capacity to transmit about 99% of incident light at at least one predetermined wavelength of incident light in the range of about 260 to about 1,000 nanometers, said method being comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotatational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a precise, predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers with a precision of plus or minus about 2%, and the capacity to transmit about 99% of incident light at at least one predetermined wavelength of incident light in the range of about 260 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispening a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface, and spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:

• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined, precise thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, the precision being plus or minus about 2%, said membrane being a pellicle with a capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the incident light wavelengths range from about 300 nanometers to about 450 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, with a precision of plus or minus about 2%, and a capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light with less than about 2% combined absorption and diffraction losses of said incident light in the range of about 350 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a precise, predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, the precision being plus or minus about 5%, and a capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light over a span of wavelengths of said incident light is in the range of about 350 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a precise, predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, the precision being plus or minus about 2%, and a capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light with less than about 3% combined absorption, diffraction and dispersion losses of said incident light where the wavelength span for the average transmission of incident light is in the range of about 350 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optial membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a precise, predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, and the capacity to transmit about 99% of incident light at at least one predetermined wavelength of incident light in the range of about 260 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being edge-supported, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a precise, predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 micrometers, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness of less than about 2% over a distance of at least about 2.5 centimers, and a capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light over a span of wavelengths of incident light where the span of wavelengths of said incident light is in the range of about 350 nanometers to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation of said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being supported at its periphery, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 about 10 micrometers, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 330 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being supported at its periphery, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 about 10 micrometers, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness in the range of plus or minus about 5% over a distance of at least 2.5 centimeters, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 330 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being supported at its periphery, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 about 10 micrometers, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness in the range of plus or minus about 4% over a distance of at least 2.5 centimeters, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 330 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being supported at its periphery, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 about 10 micrometers, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness in the range of plus or minus about 3% over a distance of at least 2.5 centimeters, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 330 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said members from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being supported at its periphery, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 about 10 micrometers, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness in the range of plus or minus about 2% over a distance of at least 2.5 centimeters, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 330 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being supported at its periphery, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 about 10 micrometers, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 250 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being supported at its periphery, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 about 10 micrometers, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness in the range of plus or minus about 5% over a distance of at least 2.5 centimeters, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 250 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being supported at its periphery, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 about 10 micrometers, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness in the range of plus or minus about 4% over a distance of at least 2.5 centimeters, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 250 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being supported at its periphery, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 about 10 micrometers, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness in the range of plus or minus about 3% over a distance of at least 2.5 centimeters, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 250 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.

A method for reliably and reproducibly making an optical membrane capable of being supported at its periphery, and capable of being removed, substantially intact, from the rotatable surface on which said membrane is formed, and having a predetermined thickness in the range of about 0.5 about 10 micrometers, edge-to-edge variations in said thickness in the range of plus or minus about 2% over a distance of at least 2.5 centimeters, and the capacity to transmit an average of at least about 91% of incident light where the wavelengths of incident light range from about 250 to about 546 nanometers, said method comprising dispensing a polymer/solvent mixture onto a rotatable supporting surface;

• spinning said rotatable surface under conditions sufficient to form said membrane from said polymer, said conditions being selected from the following:
• the viscosity of said polymer/solvent mixture, the rate of rotational acceleration of said rotatable supporting surface, and the final speed of rotation on said surface;
• and removing said optical membrane, after formation, from said rotatable surface.