In-line annular piston fixed bolt regenerative liquid propellant gun

An annular piston breech assembly for a direct injection regenerative liquid propellant gun having a breech casing containing a breech bore having a forward end for joining to a gun barrel and a breech end comprising:

• a. an annular hollow differential area piston having an annular discoidal head moveably journaled in the breech bore, defining with said casing a variable capacity combustion chamber in the forward end of said bore and having a cylindrical skirt extending from the outer portion of said head rearwardly defining an including propellant reservoir, the area of said head exposed to said combustion chamber being larger than the area of said head exposed to said reservoir,
• b. a second piston located in said breech bore between said annular hollow piston and said breech end, said second piston having a forward portion configured for mating reception within said annular hollow piston to constitute a moveable rear wall to said propellant reservoir and an axial bore;
• c. an axial bolt fixed in said bore and extending through said second piston, said reservoir and said annular discoidal head, said bolt being generally cylindrical with a base portion, a terminal nose portion journaled into the hole in said annular discoidal head when said head is in its forward most position to preclude flow of a liquid from said reservoir to said combustion chamber and an intermediate portion running rearwardly from said nose portion, said intermediate portion having a shaped surface causing one or more spaces to occur between said bolt and said annular discoidal head to permit a flow of liquid through said hole from said reservoir to said combustion chamber as said head is driven rearwardly from its forward most position by combustion pressures overrunning said intermediate portion of said bolt;
• e. force means for moving said second piston forward to mating position within said hollow piston and thereafter moving both said pistons forward to seat said hollow piston on said nose portion of said bolt;
• f. valved supply conduit means for introducing a liquid propellant between said pistons to create and fill said propellant reservoir by forcing said second piston rearwardly in response to introduction of said propellant and for maintaining said propellant in said reservoir against back pressure created by firing;
• g. sealing means cooperating with said nose portion of said bolt and said annular discoidal cylinder head to facilitate seating of said head on said nose portion and precluding flow of liquid propellant as long as said head remains seated, said sealing means being disruptable by a predetermined pressure in said combustion chamber to permit flow of liquid propellant from said reservoir to said combustion chamber;
• and
• h. igniter means in said combustion chamber for creating an initial pressurization of the combustion chamber and igniting liquid propellant forced from the reservoir into said combustion chamber;
• whereby activation of the igniter means causes a combustion chamber pressure which ignites a flow of propellant from reservoir to combustion chamber.
• whereby the propellant in the reservoir will be forced from the reservoir by the differential area piston with a flow rate and pattern as predetermined by the configuration of said intermediate portion of said bolt.

In a direct injection regenerative liquid propellant gun structure having a breech casing defining a breech bore having a barrel end and a breech end, the improvement comprising the combination of:

• a shaped member within said vore extending from a base portion near said breech end to a nose portion nearer said barrel end of said bore;
• mechanical means for supporting said shaped member and fixing said member with respect to said casing;
• a differential area piston dividing the space in said breech bore between a combustion chamber at said barrel end on one side of said piston and a propellant reservoir on the second side of said piston, said differential area piston having a cut out portion for overrunning said shaped member as said piston moves along said shaped member from a gun charged postion to a discharged position in response to pressure created in said combustion chamber to compress said reservoir to force propellant from said reservoir between said shaped member and the edge of said cut out portion of said piston,
• said shaped member being shaped along a substantial portion of its extent within said reservoir so as to define one or more spaces between said member and said edge of said cut out portion, the shape and dimension of said one or more spaces at any piston position being a function of the shape of said shaped member,
• whereby the quantity, flow rate and flow pattern of propellant injected into the combustion chamber can be programmed by establishing the shape of the shaped member;
• and
• said shaped member is elongated, is spaced from said casing so as to be surrounded by material in said reservoir, and extends sufficiently toward said barrel end of said casing so that said nose portion is within said cut out portion of said piston when said piston is in its gun charged position;
• said mechanical means supports said shaped member by its base portion;
• said nose portion of said shaped member conforming to said cut out portion of said piston so as to reduce said spaces between the two to zero;
• whereby when said piston is in a gun charged position, the interface between said shaped member and said piston precludes flow of propellant to said combustion chamber;
• and
• whereby said one or more spaces between said shaped member and said edge of said cut out portion meters propellant flowing from said reservoir to said combustion chamber as said piston is driven from its gun charged position to its discharged position;
• and
• said shaped member is generally cylindrical and has a reduced turned portion of one or more radii extending from said nose portion toward said base portion;
• said cut out portion of said piston is defined by a generally cylindrical surface of said piston fitting the unreduced nose portion of said shaped member;
• whereby said one or more spaces comprise an annular space defined by said reduced portion and said surface defining said cut out portion;
• whereby the flow of propellant from reservoir to combustion chamber is in the form of an annular sheet of thickness determined by the relationship of said radii to the size of the unturned portion of said shaped member.

In a direct injection regenerative liquid propellant gun structure having a breech casing defining a breech bore having a barrel end an a breech end, the improvement comprising the combination of:

• a shaped member within said bore extending from a base portion near said breech end to a nose portion nearer said barrel end of said bore;
• mechanical means for supporting said shaped member and fixing said member with respect to said casing;
• a differential area piston dividing the space in said breech bore between a combustion chamber at said barrel end on one side of said piston and a propellant reservoir on the second side of said piston, said differential area piston having a cut out portion for overrunning said shaped member as said piston moves along said shaped member from a gun charged position to a discharged position in response to pressure created in said combustion chamber to compress said reservoir to force propellant from said reservoir between said shaped member and the edge of said cut out portion of said piston,
• said shaped member being shaped along a substantial portion of its extent within said reservoir so as to define one or more spaces between said member and said edge of said cut out portion, the shape and dimension of said one or more spaces at any piston position being a function of the shape of said shaped member,
• whereby the quantity, flow rate and flow pattern of propellant injected into the combustion chamber can be programmed by establishing the shape of the shaped member;
• and
• said shaped member is elongated, is spaced from said casing so as to be surrounded by material in said reservoir, and extends sufficiently toward said barrel end of said casing so that said nose portion is within said cut out portion of said piston when said piston is in its gun charged position;
• said mechanical means supports said shaped member by its base portion;
• said nose portion of said shaped member conforming to said cut out portion of said piston so as to reduce said spaces between the two to zero;
• whereby when said piston is in a gun charged position, the interface between said shaped member and said piston precludes flow of propellant to said combustion chamber;
• and
• whereby said one or more spaces between said shaped member and said edge of said cut out portion meters propellant flowing from said reservoir to said combustion chamber as said piston is driven from its gun charged position to its discharged position;
• and
• said shaped member is generally cylindrical and has one or more recesses in its surface between said nose portion and its base portion;
• said cut out portion of said piston is defined by a generally cylindrical surface of said piston fitting the surface of the generally cylindrical shaped member;
• whereby said one or more spaces are defined by said one or more recesses;
• whereby the flow of propellant from reservoir into said combustion chamber is in the form of one or more streams corresponding in number and size to said recesses;
• and
• said one or more recesses comprise a plurality of elongated recesses spaced around the surface of said shaped member;
• whereby said flow of propellant is in the form of a plurality of discrete streams spaced around said nose of said shaped member within said combustion chamber;
• and
• said elongated recesses each vary in one or more of its dimensions over its length;
• whereby said plurality of streams each vary in flow rate as said piston travels;
• and
• said differential area piston is an annular piston having a discoidal head containing said cut out portion and a cylindrical skirt portion extending from proximate the rim of said head toward said breech end of said bore, said annular piston defining said propellant reservoir as an open ended cylinder.

In a direct injection regenerative liquid propellant gun structure having a breech casing defining a breech bore having a barrel end and a breech end, the improvement comprising the combination of:

• a shaped member within said bore extending from a base portion near said breech end to a nose portion nearer said barrel end of said bore;
• mechanical means for supporting said shaped member and fixing said member with respect to said casing;
• a differential area piston dividing the space in said breech bore between a combustion chamber at said barrel end on one side of said piston and a propellant reservoir on the second side of said piston, said differential area piston having a cut out portion for overrunning said shaped member as said piston moves along said shaped member from a gun charge position to a discharged position in response to pressure created in said combustion chamber to compress said reservoir to force propellant from said reservoir between said shaped member and the edge of said cut out portion of said piston;
• said shaped member being shaped along a substantial portion of its extent within said reservoir so as to define one or more spaces between said member and said edge of said cut out portion, the shape and dimension of said one or more spaces at any piston position being a function of the shape of said shaped member;
• whereby the quantity, flow rate and flow pattern of propellant injected into the combustion chamber can be programmed by establishing the shape of the shaped member;
• said shaped member is elongated, is spaced from said casing so as to be surrounded by material in said reservoir, and extends sufficiently toward said barrel end of said casing so that said nose portion is within said cut out portion of said piston when said piston is in its gun charged position;
• said mechanical means supports said shaped member by its base portion;
• said nose portion of said shaped member conforming to said cut put portion of said piston so as to reduce said spaces between the two to zero;
• whereby when said piston is in a gun charged position, the interface between said shaped member and said piston precludes flow of propellant to said combustion chamber;
• and
• whereby said one or more spaces between said shaped member and said edge of said cut out portion meters propellant flowing from said reservoir to said combustion chamber as said piston is driven from its gun charged position to its discharged position;
• said shaped member is generally cylindrical and has one or more recesses in its surface between said nose portion and its base portion;
• said cut out portion of said piston is defined by a generally cylindrical surface of said piston fitting the surface of the generally cylindrical shaped member;
• whereby said one or more spaces are defined by said one or more recesses;
• whereby the flow of propellant from reservoir into said combustion chamber is in the form of one or more streams corresponding in number and size to said recesses;
• and
• said one or more recesses comprise a plurality of elongated recesses spaced around the surface of said shaped member;
• whereby said flow of propellant is in the form of a plurality of discrete streams spaced around said nose of said shaped member within said combustion chamber;
• and
• said elongated recesses each vary in one or more of its dimensions over its length;
• whereby said plurality of streams each vary in flow rate as said piston travels;
• and
• there are a sufficient number of said elongated recesses to cause said streams to join as the propellant disperses to approximate an annular sheet of propellant of nonuniform thickness.

In a direct injection regenerative liquid propellant gun structure in which a differential area annular piston journaled in a breech bore in a casing is forced away from the barrel end of the breech bore by pressure in a combustion chamber during firing to exert pressure on a propellant reservoir also in said bore, the improvement comprising:

• material holding and dispensing means interposed between said piston and said casing for injecting a material into the combustion chamber responsive to movement of the piston during firing;
• and
• said material holding and dispensing means comprising:
• a first mechanical means on the interior surface of said casing;
• a second mechanical means on the exterior of said piston;
• a space between said piston and said bore between said mechanical means defining a variable capacity container;
• and
• conduit means for introducing a fluid to said container,
• said mechanical means being separated longitudinally of said bore so that, during travel of said piston during firing, said container is substantially reduced.

In a direct injection regenerative liquid propellant gun structure having a breech casing defining a breech bore having a barrel end and a breech end, the improvement comprising the combination of:

• a breech end bore obturator, which is releasably fixed to said casing;
• a shaped member within said bore extending from a base portion near said breech end to a nose portion nearer said barrel end of said bore;
• mechanical means supporting said shaped member and not-releasably fixing said member to said obturator;
• a differential area piston dividing the space in said breech bore between a combustion chamber at said barrel end on one side of said piston and a propellant reservoir on the second side of said piston, said differential area piston having a cut out portion for overrunning said shaped member as said piston moves along said shaped member from a gun charged position to a discharged position in response to pressure created in said combustion chamber to compress said reservoir to force propellant from said reservoir between said shaped member and edge of said cut out portion of said piston,
• said shaped member being shaped along a substantial portion of its extent within said reservoir so as to define one or more spaces between said member and said edge of said cut out portion, the shape and dimension of said one or more spaces at any piston position being a function of the shape of said shaped member,
• whereby the quantity, flow rate nd flow pattern of propellant injected into the combustion chamber can be programmed by establishing the shape of the shaped member.

In a direct injection regenerative liquid propellant gun structure having a breech casing defining a breech bore having a barrel end and a breech end, the improvement comprising the combination of:

• a breech end bore obturator which is releasably fixed to said casing;
• a shaped member within said bore extending from a base portion near said breech end to a nose portion nearer said barrel end of said bore;
• a mechanical means supporting said shaped member and not-releasably fixing said member to said obturator;
• a differential area piston dividing the space in said breech bore between a combustion chamber at said barrel end on one side of said piston and a propellant reservoir on the second side of said piston, said differential area piston having a cut out portion for overrunning said shaped member as said piston moves along said shaped member from a gun charged position to a discharged position in response to pressure created in said combustion chamber to compress said reservoir to force propellant from said reservoir between said shaped member and the edge of said cut out portion of said piston,
• said shaped member being shaped along a substantial portion of its extent within said reservoir so as to define one or more spaces between said member and said edge of said cut out portion, the shape and dimension of said one or more spaces at any piston position being a function of the shape of said shaped member,
• whereby the quantity, flow rate and flow pattern of propellant injected into the combustion chamber can be programmed by establishing the shape of the shaped member.
• said shaped member is elongated, is spaced from said casing so as to be surrounded by material in said reservoir, and extends sufficiently toward said barrel end of said casing so that said nose portion is within said cut out portion of said piston when said piston is in its gun charged position;
• said mechanical means supports said shaped member by its base portion;
• said nose portion of said shaped member conforming to said cut out portion of said piston so as to reduce said spaces between the two to zero;
• whereby when said piston is in a gun charged position, the interface between said shaped member and said piston precludes flow of propellant to said combustion chamber;
• and
• whereby said one or more spaces between said shaped member and said edge of said cut out portion meters propellant flowing from said reservoir to said combustion chamber as said piston is driven from its gun charged position to its discharged position.