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US 4,502,020 AGranted
Settling time reduction in wide-band direct-coupled transistor amplifiers
AssigneeComlinear Corporation
InventorsDavid A. Nelson, Kenneth R. Saller
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
A wide-band direct-coupled transistor amplifier exhibits greatly improved settling time characteristics as the result of circuitry permitting the use of current feedback rather than voltage feedback in order to reduce the sensitivity of settling time and bandwidth to feedback elements without thereby affecting the manner in which feedback is applied externally by the user, reducing the sensitivity of settling time to the effects of temperature, eliminating saturation and turn-off problems within the amplifier that are related to bias control, to large input signals, and to high frequency input signals or those having fast rise times, and minimizing the sensitivity of settling time to power supply voltages.
Claims36
A wide-band, variable gain, differential input, DC-coupled amplifier employing current feedback to enhance the settling time characteristic of the amplifier, the amplifier comprising:
- a first pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, said first pair of transistors being connected to receive a first input signal;
- a second pair of transistors connected to said first pair of transistors, each of said second pair of transistors having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, and being further connected in a command emitter configuration;
- inverting gain means having a high input impedance, a high output impedance, and an inverting voltage gain, said inverting gain means having a pair of inputs connected to the collector electrodes of said second pair of transistors;
- unity gain means having a high input impedance and a low output impedance, said unity gain means having an input connected to an output of said inverting gain means;
- first resistor means connected between an output of said unity gain means and the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors to provide a feedback path therebetween;
- and
- second resistor means connected between the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors and a second input signal.
4 more elements
A wide-band, variable gain, differential input, DC-coupled amplifier employing current feedback to enhance the settling time characteristic of the amplifier, the amplifier comprising:
- a first pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the base electrodes thereof being connected in common to receive a first input signal, the collector electrode of a first one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of negative supply voltage, and the collector electrode of a second one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of positive supply voltage;
- a second pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the emitter electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors;
- a first resistor and a first diode connected in series, a cathode electrode of said first diode connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and said first resistor being further connected to said source of positive supply voltage;
- a second resistor and a second diode connected in series, an anode electrode of said second diode being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors, and said second resistor being further connected to said source of negative supply voltage;
- a third pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the collector electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors;
- a third resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors and said source of positive supply voltage;
- a fourth resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors and said source of negative supply voltage;
- unity gain means having a high input impedance and a low output impedance, said unity gain means having an input connected to the common collector electrodes of said third pair of transistors;
- a fifth resistor connected between an output of said unity gain means and the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors to provide a feedback path therebetween;
- a sixth resistor connected between the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors and a second input signal;
- a seventh resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors and the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors;
- and
- an eighth resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors and the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors.
10 more elements
A wide-band, variable gain, differential input, DC-coupled amplifier employing current feedback to enhance the settling time characteristic of the amplifier, the amplifier comprising:
- a first pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the base electrodes thereof being connected in common to receive a first input signal, the collector electrode of a first one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of negative supply voltage, and the collector electrode of a second one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of positive supply voltage;
- a second pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the emitter electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said first one of said first one of said first pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors;
- a first resistor and a first diode connected in series, a cathode electrode of said first diode being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and said first resistor being further connected to said source of positive supply voltage;
- a second resistor and a second diode connected in series, an anode electrode of said second diode being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors, and said second resistor being further connected to said source of negative supply voltage;
- a third pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the collector electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors;
- a third resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors and said source of positive supply voltage;
- a fourth resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors and said source of negative supply voltage;
- unity gain means having a high input impedance and a low output impedance, said unity gain means having an input connected to the common collector electrodes of said third pair of transistors;
- a fifth resistor connected between an output of said unity gain means and the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors to provide a feedback path therebetween;
- a sixth resistor connected between the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors and a second input signal;
- seventh and eighth resistors connected in series between the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors and said source of negative supply voltage;
- ninth and tenth resistors connected in series with a D.C. voltage source between the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors and said source of positive supply voltage;
- and
- bidirectional transconductor amplifier means having a non-inverting input connected to the juncture of said seventh and eighth resistors, and having an inverting input connected to the juncture of said ninth and tenth resistors, said bidirectional transconductance amplifier means having a pair of outputs, each supplying a current that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to that supplied by the other, one of said pair of outputs being connected to the emitter electrode of one of said first pair of transistors and the other one of said pair of outputs being connected to the emitter electrode of the other one of said first pair of transistors.
11 more elements
A wide-band, variable gain, differential input, DC-coupled amplifier employing current feedback to enhance the settling time characteristic of the amplifier, the amplifier comprising:
- a first pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the base electrodes thereof being connected in common to receive a first input signal, the collector electrode of a first one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of negative supply voltage, and the collector electrode of a second one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of positive supply voltage;
- a second pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the emitter electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors;
- a first resistor and a first diode connected in series, a cathode electrode of said first diode being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and said first resistor being further connected to said source of positive supply voltage;
- a second resistor and a second diode connected in series, an anode electrode of said second diode being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors, and said second resistor being further connected to said source of negative supply voltage;
- a third pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the collector electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors;
- a third resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors and said source of positive supply voltage;
- a fourth resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors and said source of negative supply voltage;
- unity gain means having a high input impedance and a low output impedance, said unity gain means having an input connected to the common collector electrodes of said third pair of transistors;
- a fifth resistor connected between an output of said unity gain means and the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors to provide a feedback path therebetween;
- a sixth resistor connected between the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors and a second input signal;
- seventh, eighth, and ninth resistors connected in series, said seventh resistor being further connected to said source of negative supply voltage and said ninth resistor being further connected to the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors;
- tenth, eleventh, and twelfth resistors connected in series, said tenth resistor being further connected to said source of positive supply voltage and said twelfth resistor being further connected to the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors;
- and
- bidirectional transconductance amplifier means having a non-inverting input connected to the juncture of said eighth and ninth resistors, and having an inverting input connected to the juncture of said eleventh and twelfth resistors, said bidirectional transconductance amplifier means having a pair of outputs, each supplying a current that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to that supplied by the other, one of said pair of outputs being connected to the emitter electrode of one of said first pair of transistors and the other one of said pair of outputs being connected to the emitter electrode of the other one of said first pair of transistors.
11 more elements
A wide-band, variable gain, differential input, DC-coupled amplifier employing current feedback to enhance the settling time characteristic of the amplifier, the amplifier comprising:
- a first pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the base electrodes thereof being connected in common to receive a first input signal, the collector electrode of a first one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of negative supply voltage, and the collector electrode of a second one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of positive supply voltage;
- a second pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the emitter electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors;
- a first resistor and a first diode connected in series, a cathode electrode of said first diode being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and said first resistor being further connected to said source of positive supply voltage;
- a second resistor and a second diode connected in series, an anode electrode of said second diode being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors, and said second resistor being further connected to said source of negative supply voltage;
- a third pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the collector electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrodes of a first one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors;
- a third resistor connected in series with a third diode, an anode electrode of said third diode being connected to a source of positive supply voltage, and said third resistor being further connected to the emitter electrode of a first one of said third pair of transistors;
- a fourth resistor connected in series with a fourth diode, a cathode electrode of said fourth diode being connected to a source of negative supply voltage, and said fourth resistor being further connected to the emitter electrode of a second one of said third pair of transistors;
- unity gain means having a high input impedance and a low output impedance, said unity gain means having an input connected to the common collector electrodes of said third pair of transistors;
- a fifth resistor connected between an output of said unity gain means and the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors to provide a feedback path therebetween;
- a sixth resistor connected between the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors and a second input signal;
- seventh and eighth resistors and a fifth diode, all connected in series, a cathode electrode of said fifth diode being connected to said source of negative supply voltage, and said seventh resistor being further connected to the juncture of said third resistor and said third diode;
- ninth and tenth resistors and a sixth diode, all connected in series, an anode electrode of said sixth diode being connected to said source of positive supply voltage, and said ninth resistor being further connected to the juncture of said fourth resistor and said fourth diode;
- D.C. current source means connected between the juncture of said sixth diode and said tenth resistor and the juncture of said eighth resistor and said fifth diode;
- and
- bidirectional transconductance amplifier means having a non-inverting input connected to the juncture of said seventh and eighth resistors, and having an inverting input connected to the juncture of said ninth and tenth resistors, said bidirectional transconductance amplifier means having a pair of outputs, each supplying a current that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to that supplied by the other, one of said pair of outputs being connected to the emitter electrode of one of said first pair of transistors and the other one of said pair of outputs being connected to the emitter electrode of the other one of said first pair of transistors.
12 more elements
A wide-band, variable gain, differential input, DC-coupled amplifier employing current feedback to enhance the settling time characteristic of the amplifier, the amplifier comprising:
- a first pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the base electrodes thereof being connected in common to receive a first input signal, the collector electrode of a first one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of negative supply voltage, and the collector electrode of a second one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of positive supply voltage;
- a second pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the emitter electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors;
- a first resistor and a first diode connected in series, a cathode electrode of said first diode being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and said first resistor being further connected to said source of positive supply voltage;
- a second resistor and a second diode connected in series, an anode electrode of said second diode being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors, and said second resistor being further connected to said source of negative supply voltage;
- a third pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the collector electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors;
- a third resistor connected in series with a third diode, an anode electrode of said third diode being connected to a source of positive supply voltage, and said third resistor being further connected to the emitter electrode of a first one of said third pair of transistors;
- a fourth resistor connected in series with a fourth diode, a cathode electrode of said fourth diode being connected to a source of negative supply voltage, and said fourth resistor being further connected to the emitter electrode of a second one of said third pair of transistors;
- unity gain means having a high input impedance and a low output impedance, said unity gain means having an input connected to the common collector electrodes of said third pair of transistors;
- a fifth resistor connected between an output of said unity gain means and the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors to provide a feedback path therebetween;
- a sixth resistor connected between the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors and a second input signal;
- a fourth pair of transistors, each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the base electrode of a first one of said fourth pair of transistors being connected to the juncture of said third resistor and said third diode, and the base electrode of a second one of said fourth pair of transistors being connected to the juncture of said fourth resistor and said fourth diode;
- a seventh resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said fourth pair of transistors and a source of positive supply voltage;
- an eighth resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said fourth pair of transistors and a source of negative supply voltage;
- fifth and sixth diodes connected in series, the juncture therebetween being connected to a source of ground potential, an anode electrode of said fifth diode being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said fourth pair of transistors, and a cathode electrode of said sixth diode being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said fourth pair of transistors;
- a fifth pair of transistors, each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the base electrode of a first one of said fifth pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said fourth pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said fifth pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said fourth pair of transistors;
- a ninth resistor connected between the emitter electrodes of said fifth pair of transistors;
- first bidirectional transconductance amplifier means having a non-inverting input and an inverting input, said inverting input being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said fifth pair of transistors, said first bidirectional transconductance amplifier means having a single current output connected to the emitter electrode of one of said first pair of transistors;
- second bidirectional transconductance amplifier means having a non-inverting input and an inverting input, said inverting input being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said fifth pair of transistors, said second bidirectional transconductance amplifier means having a single current output connected to the emitter electrode of the other one of said first pair of transistors;
- and
- D.C. current source means connected between the non-inverting inputs of said first and second bidirectional transconductance amplifier means.
17 more elements
A wide-band, variable gain, differential input, DC-coupled amplifier employing current feedback to enhance the settling time characteristic of the amplifier, the amplifier comprising:
- a first pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes;
- a second pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the emitter electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of a first one of said first pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of a second one of said first pair of transistors;
- first and second resistors, said first resistor being connected between the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors and a source of positive supply voltage, and said second resistor being connected between the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors and a source of negative supply voltage;
- a third pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the collector electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors;
- third and fourth resistors, said third resistor being connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors and said source of positive supply voltage, and said fourth resistor being connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors and said source of negative supply voltage;
- a fifth resistor connected between the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors and the common collector electrodes of said third pair of transistors;
- a sixth resistor connected to the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors and being further connected to receive a second input signal;
- a seventh resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors and the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors;
- an eighth resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors and the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors;
- first and second diodes connected in series, an anode electrode of said first diode being connected to the base electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, a cathode electrode of said second diode being connected to the base electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors, and the juncture between said first and second diodes being connected to receive a first input signal;
- first voltage reference means connected between the base electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors and said source of positive supply voltage;
- and
- second voltage reference means connected between the base electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors and said source of negative supply voltage.
10 more elements
A wide-band, variable gain, differential input, DC-coupled amplifier employing current feedback to enhance the settling time characteristic of the amplifier, the amplifier comprising:
- a first pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the base electrodes of said first pair of transistors being connected in common to receive a first input signal, the collector electrode of a first one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of negative supply voltage, and the collector electrode of a second one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of positive supply voltage;
- a second pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the emitter electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors;
- a first resistor and a first diode connected in series, a cathode electrode of said first diode being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and said first resistor being further connected to said source of positive supply voltage;
- a second resistor and a second diode connected in series, an anode electrode of said second diode being connected to the collector electrode of saod second one of said second pair of transistors, and said second resistor being further connected to said source of negative supply voltage;
- a third pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the base electrode of a first one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said second pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said second pair of transistors;
- a fourth pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the collector electrodes thereof being connected in common, the emitter electrode of a first one of said fourth pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors, the emitter electrode of a second one of said fourth pair of transistors being connected to the collector electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors, and the base electrode of each one of said fourth pair of transistors being connected to a source of reference voltage;
- a third resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors and said source of positive supply voltage;
- a fourth resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors and said source of negative supply voltage;
- unity gain means having a high input impedance and a low output impedance, said unity gain means having an input connected to the common collector electrodes of said fourth pair of transistors;
- a fifth resistor connected between an output of said unity gain means and the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors to provide a feedback path therebetween;
- a sixth resistor connected between the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors and a second input signal;
- a seventh resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors and the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors;
- and
- an eighth resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors and the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors.
11 more elements
A wide-band, variable gain, differential input, DC-coupled amplifier employing current feedback to enhance the settling time characteristic of the amplifier, the amplifier comprising:
- a first pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the base electrodes of said first pair of transistors being connected in common to receive a first input signal, the collector electrode of a first one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of negative supply voltage, and the collector electrode of a second one of said first pair of transistors being connected to a source of positive supply voltage;
- a second pair of transistors each having emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the emitter electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors, and the base electrode of a second one of said second pair of transistors being connected to the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors;
- first constant value current source means having a first terminal connected to said source of positive supply voltage, said first constant value current source means also having a second terminal and a third terminal;
- second constant value current source means having a first terminal connected to said source of negative supply voltage, said second constant value current source means also having a second terminal and a third terminal;
- reference bias means connected between the second terminal of said first constant value current source means and the second terminal of said second constant value current source means;
- a third pair of transistors each have emitter, base, and collector electrodes, the collector electrodes thereof being connected in common, the base electrode of a first one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the third terminal of said first constant value current source means, and the base electrode of a second one of said third pair of transistors being connected to the third terminal of said second constant value current source means;
- a first resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors and said source of positive supply voltage;
- a second resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors and said source of negative supply voltage;
- unity gain means having a high input impedance and a low output impedance, said unity gain means having an input connected to the common collector electrodes of said third pair of transistors;
- a third resistor connected between the output of said unity gain means and the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors to provide a feedback path therebetween;
- a fourth resistor connected between the common emitter electrodes of said second pair of transistors and a second input signal;
- a fifth resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said first one of said first pair of transistors and the emitter electrode of said first one of said third pair of transistors;
- and
- a sixth resistor connected between the emitter electrode of said second one of said first pair of transistors and the emitter electrode of said second one of said third pair of transistors.
11 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.