Return-to-zero stepper motor

A stepper motor comprising a stator assembly having a plurality of toroidal stator electromagnets each having a plurality 2n of evenly-spaced axial teeth forming alternating salient poles at a radially internal surface thereof, the stator poles of each of the stator electromagnets being offset from the stator poles of the remaining one or more stator electromagnets;

• a permanent-magnet rotor including a rotor magnet having a plurality n of pairs of poles thereon and disposed within said stator electromagnets to face said stator poles, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet and having a threaded central axial aperture, and bearing means mounting said rotor core for rotation relative to said stator electromagnets;
• an axially movable shaft assembly including a threaded screw disposed in said threaded axial aperture and adapted to mate therewith, and engaging means engaging a longitudinal track on said axially movable shaft for preventing relative rotation of said screw and said stator assembly while permitting axial movement of said screw, at least to a limited extent;
• and spring means urging said screw to return to a neutral axial position thereof whenever no current is applied to said stator electromagnets wherein the central axial aperture of said rotor core and said threaded screw have a thread pitch selected to be low enough to permit rotation of said rotor to advance said shaft assembly when stepping current is applied to said stator electromagnets, but steep enough to permit force of said spring means to return said shaft assembly to its neutral position when no current is applied to said electromagnets.

A stepper motor comprising

• stator assembly means including at least one electromagnet and a plurality of axial salient poles disposed about a central cavity thereof;
• rotor assembly means including a cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality of alternating magnetic poles arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said stator assembly means and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearing means supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator assembly means to permit relative rotation thereof;
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator assembly means and radially surrounding said front shaft for permitting axial motion of said front shaft and including engaging means engaging an axial track on said front shaft for restricting rotation thereof, a rear shaft coaxial with, and affixed to another end of, said screw, and a rear sleeve fixedly mounted relative to said stator magnets surrounding said shaft and permitting free axial movement thereof;
• and
• a coil compression spring mounted against said rear sleeve over said rear shaft biasing said shaft assembly rearward;
• said threads having a pitch selected to be low enough to permit rotation of said rotor to advance said shaft assembly when stepping current is applied to said stator electromagnet, but high enough to permit force of said compression spring to return said front shaft to a withdrawn position if no current is applied to said stator electromagnet.

A stepper motor comprising

• stator assembly means including at least one electromagnet and a plurality of axial salient poles disposed about a central cavity thereof;
• rotor assembly means including a cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality of alternating magnetic poles arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said stator assembly means and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearing means supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator field magnets to permit relative rotation thereof;
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator field coils and radially surrounding said front shaft said front sleeve including engaging means engaging a longitudinal track on said front shaft for permitting axial motion of said front shaft while restricting rotation thereof, said shaft and said sleeve having a corresponding at least one axial groove therein and one or more spheroids disposed within said corresponding grooves to permit said axial movement but to restrict said rotation;
• and a coil spring mounted over a portion of said shaft assembly to urge the latter towards a neutral axial position;
• said threads having a pitch selected to be low enough to permit rotation of said rotor to advance said shaft assembly when stepping current is applied to said at least one electromagnet, but high enough to permit force of said compression spring to return said front shaft to said neutral position if no current is applied to said electromagnet.

A stepper motor comprising stator assembly means including at least one electromagnet a plurality of axial salient poles disposed therein about a central cavity thereof;

• rotor assembly means including a cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality of magnetic poles arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said stator assembly means and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearings supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator field magnets to permit relative rotation thereof;
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator field coils and radially surrounding said front shaft for permitting axial motion of said front shaft while restricting rotation thereof, each of said shaft and said sleeve having corresponding pair of diametrically opposed axial grooves therein, and one or more spheroids disposed within said corresponding grooves to permit said axial movement but to restrict said rotation;
• and resilient means disposed to bias said shaft assembly towards a neutral position thereof so that when no current is applied to said at least one electromagnet, said linearly movable shaft assembly is returned to its neutral axial position.

A stepper motor comprising a stator assembly including first and second stator field electromagnets arranged axially in tandem, each of said first and second field magnets having mating outer and inner field rings of magnetically permeable material and having an annular radial wall, a cylindrical solid wall, and a plurality n of axial teeth parallel to said solid wall and circumferentially evenly spaced at the cavity of said field magnet, and a toroidal bobbin having a toroidal winding thereon, said outer ring overfitting said inner field ring with said bobbin and winding encased therebetween, and with said teeth forming 2n alternating salient pole pieces;

• said first and second field magnets being fixedly disposed so that angular positions of the pole pieces of the first field magnet are midway between the corresponding positions of the pole pieces of the second field magnet;
• a rotor assembly including a cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality n of magnetic pole pairs arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet, bearing means supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator field magnets to permit relative rotation thereof, and an axial helical thread disposed on said rotor core;
• a linear movable assembly including a screw portion having threads thereon to mate with the threads of said rotor core and disposed at the axial position of said rotor core, slide means affixed to one end of said screw portion to move axially therewith and having a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator field coils and including engaging means engaging an axial track on said slide means for permitting axial motion of said slide means while preventing rotation thereof, and a coil compression spring mounted over a portion of said linearly movable assembly to urge the same to a neutral position thereof;
• said threads having a pitch selected to be low enough to permit rotation of said rotor assembly to advance said linearly movable assembly when stepping current is applied to said stator field magnets, but high enough to permit force of said compression spring to return said slide means to said netural position if no current is applied to said stator field magnets.

A stepper motor comprising a stator assembly including first and second field electromagnets arranged axially in tandem and having a stator cavity extending axially therethrough, each of said first and second field magnets having mating outer and inner field rings of magnetically permeable material and having an annular radial wall, a cylindrical outer wall, and a plurality n of axial teeth parallel to said outer wall and circumferentially evenly spaced at the cavity of said field magnet, and a toroidal bobbin having a toroidal winding thereon, said outer field ring overfitting said inner field ring with said bobbin and winding encased therebetween, and with said teeth forming 2n alternating salient pole pieces;

• said first and second field magnets being fixedly disposed so that angular positions of the pole pieces of the first magnet are 90.degree. of electrical angle from the corresponding positions of the pole pieces of the second field magnet;
• a rotor assembly including a cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality n of magnetic pole pairs arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said field magnets and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearings supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator field magnets to permit relative rotation thereof;
• and a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator field coils and radially surrounding said front shaft and including engaging means engaging an axial track on said front shaft for permitting axial motion of said front shaft between a withdrawn position and an extended position while restricting rotation thereof, a rear shaft coaxial with, and affixed to another end of, said screw, a bushing mounted at an end of said rear shaft remote from said screw, a rear sleeve fixedly mounted relative to said stator magnets surrounding said shaft and permitting free axial movement thereof;
• and a coil compression spring mounted between said bushing and said rear sleeve over said rear shaft;
• said spring having a free length longer than the distance from said bushing to said rear sleeve when said shaft assembly is in the withdrawn position and being selected to exert a spring force, at all lengths thereof corresponding to positions of the shaft assembly between its extended and its withdrawn positions, of sufficient strength to move said shaft assembly toward its withdrawn position when no current is applied to said stator field electromagnets.

A stepper motor comprising

• a stator assembly including first and second stator field electromagnets arranged axially in tandem and having a stator cavity extending axially therethrough, each of said first and second field magnets having mating outer and inner field rings of magnetically permeable material and having an annular radial wall, a cylindrical outer wall, and a plurality n of axial teeth parallel to said outer wall and circumferentially evenly spaced at the cavity of said field magnet, and a toroidal bobbin having a toroidal winding thereon, said outer field ring overfitting said inner field ring with said bobbin and winding encased therebetween, and with said teeth forming 2n alternating salient pole pieces;
• said first and second field magnets being fixedly disposed so that angular positions of the pole pieces of the first magnet are midway between the corresponding positions of the pole pieces of the second magnet;
• a rotor assembly including a cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality n of magnetic pole pairs arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said field magnets and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearings supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator field magnets to permit relative rotation thereof;
• and
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator assembly and radially surrounding said front shaft including engaging means engaging an axial track on said front shaft for permitting axial motion of said front shaft while restricting rotation thereof, a rear shaft coaxial with, and affixed to another end of, said screw, a bushing mounted at an end of said rear shaft remote from said screw, a rear sleeve fixedly mounted relative to said stator magnets surrounding said shaft and permitting free axial movement thereof;
• a coil compression spring mounted between said bushing and said rear sleeve over said rear shaft;
• and
• housing means for said rotor and stator assembly including a casing surrounding said stator assembly and said rear shaft, and a mounting plate affixed to said front sleeve and including means to permit fastening said stepper motor to a device to be driven thereby.

A stepper motor comprising

• a stator assembly including first and second stator field electromagnets arranged axially in tandem and having a stator cavity extending axially therethrough, each of said first and second field magnets having mating outer and inner field rings of magnetically permeable material and having an annular radial wall, a cylindrical outer wall, and a plurality n of axial teeth parallel to said outer wall and circumferentially evenly spaced at the cavity of said field magnet, and a toroidal bobbin having a toroidal winding thereon, said outer field ring overfitting said inner field ring with said bobbin and winding encased therebetween, and with said teeth forming 2n alternating salient pole pieces;
• said first and second field magnets being fixedly disposed so that angular positions of the pole pieces of the first magnet are midway between the corresponding positions of the pole pieces of the second field magnet;
• a rotor assembly including a cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality n of magnetic pole pairs arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said field magnets and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearings supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator field magnets to permit relative rotation thereof;
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator field coils and radially surrounding said front shaft for permitting axial motion of said front shaft while restricting rotation thereof, said shaft and said sleeve having corresponding axial grooves therein and one or more spheroids disposed within said corresponding grooves to permit said axial movement but to restrict said rotation, a rear shaft coaxial with, and affixed to another end of, said screw, a bushing mounted at an end of said rear shaft remote from said screw, and a rear sleeve fixedly mounted relative to said stator magnetis surrounding said shaft and permitting free axial movement thereof;
• and
• a coil compression spring mounted between said bushing and said rear sleeve over said rear shaft;
• said threads having a pitch selected to be low enough to permit rotation of said rotor to advance said shaft assembly, but high enough permit force of said compression spring to return said front shaft to a withdrawn position if no current is applied to said stator field magnets.

A stepper motor comprising

• a stator assembly including first and second field electromagnets arranged axially in tandem and having a stator cavity extending axially therethrough, each of said first and second field magnets having mating outer and inner field rings of magnetically permeable material and having an annular radial wall, a cylindrical outer wall, and a plurality n of axial teeth parallel to said outer wall and circumferentially evenly spaced at the cavity of said field magnet, and a toroidal bobbin having a toroidal winding thereon, said outer field ring overfitting said inner field ring with said bobbin and winding encased therebetween, and with said teeth forming 2n alternating salient pole pieces;
• said first and second field magnets being fixedly disposed so that angular positions of the pole pieces of the first magnet are midway between the corresponding positions of the pole pieces of the second field magnet;
• a rotor assembly including a cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality n of magnetic pole pairs arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said field magnets and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearings supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator field magnets to permit relative rotation thereof;
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator field coils and radially surrounding said front shaft and including means for permitting axial motion of said front shaft while restricting rotation thereof;
• and
• a torsion spring arranged to impart a torsional spring force directly onto said rotor assembly relative to said stator assembly and to bias said rotor assembly to rotate and return said screw and front shaft to a withdrawn position thereof whenever no current is applied to said stator electromagnets.

A stepper motor comprising

• a stator assembly including first and second field electromagnets arranged axially in tandem and having a stator cavity extending axially therethrough, each of said first and second field magnets having mating outer and inner field rings of magnetically permeable material and having an annular radial wall, a cylindrical outer wall, and a plurality n of axial teeth parallel to said outer wall and circumferentially evenly spaced at the cavity of said field magnet, and a toroidal bobbin having a toroidal winding thereon, said outer field ring overfitting said inner field ring with said bobbin and winding encased therebetween, and with said teeth forming 2n alternating salient pole pieces;
• said first and second field magnets being fixedly disposed so that angular positions of the pole pieces of the first magnet are midway between the corresponding positions of the pole pieces of the second field magnet;
• a rotor assembly including a cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality n of magnetic pole pairs arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said field magnets and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearings supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator field magnets to permit relative rotation thereof;
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator field coils and radially surrounding said front shaft and including means for permitting axial motion of said front shaft while restricting rotation thereof;
• and
• a torsion spring arranged to impart a torsional spring force directly onto said rotor assembly relative to said stator assembly and to bias said rotor assembly to rotate and return said screw and front shaft to a withdrawn position thereof whenever no current is applied to said stator electromagnets, wherein said torsion spring is a spiral clock spring.

A stepper motor comprising

• a stator assembly including first and second stator field electromagnets arranged axially in tandem and having a stator cavity extending axially therethrough, each of said first and second field magnets having mating outer and inner field rings of magnetically permeable material and having an annular radial wall, a cylindrical outer wall, and twelve axial teeth parallel to said outer wall and circumferentially evenly spaced at the cavity of said field magnet, and a toroidal bobbin having a toroidal winding thereon, said outer field ring overfitting said inner field ring with said bobbin and winding encased therebetween, and with said teeth forming twenty-four alternating salient pole pieces;
• said first and second filed magnets being fixedly disposed so that angular positions of the pole pieces of the first magnet are offset at 90.degree. of electrical angle relative to corresponding positions of the pole pieces of the second magnet;
• a rotor assembly including a cylindrical rotor magnet having twelve magnetic pole pairs arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said field magnets and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearings supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator field magnets to permit relative rotation thereof;
• and
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator field coils and radially surrounding said front shaft and including engaging means means for engaging an axial groove on said front shaft and permitting axial motion of said front shaft while restricting rotation thereof, and a rear shaft coaxial with, and affixed to another end of, said screw, a bushing mounted at an end of said rear shaft remote from said screw, a rear sleeve fixedly mounted relative to said stator magnets surrounding said shaft and permitting free axial movement thereof;
• and
• a coil compression spring mounted between said bushing and said rear sleeve over said rear shaft to return said front shaft to a withdrawn position if no current is applied to said stator field magnets;
• wherein said male threads and female threads have a pitch selected to be low enough to permit rotation of said rotor to advance said shaft assembly when stepping current is applied to said stator field magnets, but steep enough to permit force of said coil compression spring to return said front shaft to its withdrawn position when no current is applied to said stator field magnets.

A stepper motor comprising a stator assembly including electromagnet means having at least one electromagnet and a plurality of salient stator poles disposed about a central cavity thereof;

• rotor assembly means including a hollow cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality of alternating magnetic poles arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core formed of a nut of thermoplastic resin for supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said stator assembly means and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearing means supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator assembly means to permit relative rotation thereof;
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw and having an axial track, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator assembly means and radially surrounding said front shaft for permitting axial motion of said front shaft and including means engaging said axial track on said front shaft for preventing rotation thereof;
• and
• resilient means urging said rotor assembly means to rotate to an initial position and said shaft assembly to move to a withdrawn position whenever no current is applied to the electromagnet of the stator assembly means;
• said thermoplastic resin having the property of low friction relative to said screw.

A stepper motor comprising

• a stator assembly including first and second stator field electromagnets arranged axially in tandem and having a stator cavity extending axially therethrough, each of said first and second field magnets having mating outer and inner field rings of magnetically permeable material and having an annular radial wall, a cylindrical outer wall, and a plurality n of axial teeth parallel to said outer wall and circumferentially evenly spaced at the cavity of said field magnet, and a toroidal bobbin having a toroidal winding thereon, said outer field ring overfitting said inner field ring with said bobbin and winding encased therebetween, and with said teeth forming 2n alternating salient pole pieces;
• said first and second field magnets being fixedly disposed so that angular positions of the pole pieces of the first magnet are midway between the corresponding positions of the pole pieces of the second magnet;
• a rotor assembly including a cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality n of magnetic pole pairs arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said field magnets and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearings supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator field magnets to permit relative rotation thereof;
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with and affixed to one end of said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator assembly and radially surrounding said front shaft including engaging means engaging an axial track in said front shaft for permitting axial motion of said front shaft relative to said sleeve while restricting rotation thereof, a rear shaft coaxial with, and affixed to another end of, said screw, a bushing mounted at an end of said rear shaft remote from said screw, a rear sleeve fixedly mounted relative to said stator magnets surrounding said shaft and permitting free axial movement thereof;
• and
• housing means for said rotor and stator assembly including a casing surrounding said stator assembly and said rear shaft, and a mounting plate affixed to said front sleeve and including means to permit fastening said stepper motor to a device to be driven thereby.

A stepper motor comprising a stator assembly including stator electromagnet means having at least one electromagnet and a plurality of salient stator poles disposed about a central cavity thereof;

• rotor assembly means including a hollow cylindrical rotor magnet having a plurality of alternating magnetic poles arranged circumferentially thereon, a rotor core formed of a nut of thermoplastic resin for supporting said rotor magnet within the cavity of said stator assembly means and having an axial aperture extending centrally therethrough with female helical threads therein, and bearing means supporting axial ends of said rotor core relative to said stator assembly means to permit relative rotation thereof;
• and
• a linearly movable shaft assembly including a screw having male threads thereon to mate with said female threads and disposed within said axial aperture of said rotor core, a front shaft coaxial with, and affixed to one end of, said screw, a front sleeve affixed relative to said stator assembly means and radially surrounding said front shaft and including engaging means for engaging axial track on said front shaft for permitting axial motion of said front shaft relative to said sleeve while preventing rotation of said front shaft;
• said thermoplastic resin having the property of low friction relative to said screw.