# US 4,424,254 A · Metal-thermoplastic-metal laminates

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- Number: US 4,424,254 A
- Document ID: US4424254A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/397,654
- Filed: 1982-07-12
- Granted: 1984-01-03
- Earliest claimed: 1978-12-22
- Assignees: Monsanto Company
- Inventors: Ross M. Hedrick; James C. Woodbrey; James D. Gabbert; Floyd B. Erickson
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4424254A

## CPC

- B32B 15/08: of synthetic resin
- Y10T 428/24967: Absolute thicknesses specified
- Y10T 428/249951: Including a free metal or alloy constituent
- Y10T 428/25: Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T 428/252: Glass or ceramic [i.e., fired or glazed clay, cement, etc.] [porcelain, quartz, etc.]
- Y10T 428/254: Polymeric or resinous material
- Y10T 428/259: Silicic material
- Y10T 428/2916: including boron or compound thereof [not as steel]
- Y10T 428/2927: including structurally defined particulate matter
- Y10T 428/294: including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T 428/2993: Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
- Y10T 428/31507: Of polycarbonate
- Y10T 428/31522: Next to metal
- Y10T 428/31605: Next to free metal
- Y10T 428/31663: As siloxane, silicone or silane
- Y10T 428/31678: Of metal
- Y10T 428/31681: Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]
- Y10T 428/31692: Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T 428/31699: Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
- Y10T 428/31703: Next to cellulosic
- Y10T 428/31739: Nylon type
- Y10T 428/31938: Polymer of monoethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon
- B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

## Abstract

This invention relates to construction panels comprising metal-thermoplastic-metal laminates and a process for preparing same, said laminates possessing in combination critical service properties of low coefficient of linear thermal expansion, low inelastic ratio, and excellent flexural stiffness.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A metal-thermoplastic-metal laminate having in combination:
an inelastic ratio less than about 93%;
a coefficient of linear thermal expansion less than about 63.times.10.sup.-6 .degree. C..sup.-1 ;
a flexural stiffness of at least about 52.53.times.10.sup.3 N/m; and
a maximum weight of no more than about 9.76 kg/m.sup.2 ;
said laminate comprising:
a thermoplastic core layer, said core having a minimum thickness of about 0.0483 cm; and
a metal layer laminated on each side of the thermoplastic core layer, each metal layer having a minimum thickness of about 0.00127 cm; provided that aluminum is not the metal layer on both sides of the laminate when the thermoplastic core layer is high density polyethylene and further provided that when polypropylene is the thermoplastic core and aluminum is the metal layer laminated on each side of the core, the laminate has a maximum weight of about 5.37 kg/m.sup.2 ;
wherein the thickness ratio of the sum of the metal layer-thicknesses to the thermoplastic core layer thickness is described by the region of numerical overlap of the parameter TR(YS.sub.m /TS.sub.c) as determined from the areas defined by the relationships of TR(YS.sub.m /TS.sub.c) to IR.sub.l and CLTE.sub.l, the lower boundary of said areas being defined by the equation of a straight line
y=mx+b
in which y is the y-axis parameters of IR.sub.l and CLTE.sub.l, x is the x-axis parameter of TR(YS.sub.m /TS.sub.c), m is the slope of the straight line, and b is the intercept on the y-axis with the proviso that:
when y is IR.sub.l, m is 108 and b is zero (0) for values of x from zero (0) to 0.65, and m is zero (0) and b is 70 for values of x greater than 0.65; and
when y is CLTE.sub.l, m is -3.6.times.10.sup.-4 and b is 45.times.10.sup.-6 for values of x from zero (0) to 0.1 and m is zero (0) and b is 9.times.10.sup.-6 for values of x greater than 0.1;
and the upper boundary of said areas being defined by the equation of a straight line as defined hereinabove, with the proviso that:
when y is IR.sub.l, m is 280 and b is 30 for values of x from zero (0) to 0.25, and m is zero (0) and b is 100 for values of x greater than 0.25; and when y is CLTE.sub.l, m is -2.88.times.10.sup.-3 and b is 216.times.10.sup.-6 for values of x from zero (0) to 0.05, m is -1.29.times.10.sup.-4 and b is 78.5.times.10.sup.-6 for values of x from 0.05 to 0.26 and m is zero (0) and b is 45.times.10.sup.-6 for values of x greater than 0.26;
wherein:
IR.sub.l is the inelastic ratio of the laminate as measured in flexure at 5% strain in the outer metal layers at the point of maximum deflection;
CLTE.sub.l is the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the laminate;
TR is the thickness ratio of the sum of the metal layer-thicknesses to the thermoplastic core layer thickness;
YS.sub.m is the thickness-weight-average tensile yield strength of the two metal layers at an offset of 5% elongation; and
TS.sub.c is the tensile strength of the thermoplastic core layer.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The laminate of claim 1 wherein said thermoplatic core layer is selected from the group consisting of:
olefin-based thermoplastics, arylene carbonate-based thermoplastics, styrenic-based thermoplastics, vinyl-based thermoplastics and arylene sulfone-based thermoplastics.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The laminate of claim 2 wherein the metal layers are not aluminum.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The laminate of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic core layer contains an added modifying agent.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The laminate of claim 2 wherein the thermoplastic core layer contains an added modifying agent.

### Claim 6 (depends on 3)

The laminate of claim 3 wherein the thermoplastic core layer contains an added modifying agent.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The laminate of claim 4 wherein said modifying agent is selected from the group consisting of:
high modulus, high performance fibers and mineral filler.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The laminate of claim 1 wherein said thermoplastic core layer is partly crystalline.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The laminate of claim 8 wherein the partly crystalline thermoplastic core layer has a degree of crystallinity of at least 15%.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The laminate of claim 9 wherein each of the metal layers has a melting point greater than the crystalline melting point of the partly crystalline thermoplastic core layer and the thickness ratio of the sum of the metal layer-thicknesses to the thermoplastic core layer thickness is further described by the parameter TR(YS.sub.m /TS.sub.c) as determined from the area defined by the relationship of the TR(YS.sub.m /TS.sub.c) to (HDT.sub.l -HDT.sub.c)/(T.sub.m -HDT.sub.c), the lower boundary of said area being defined by the equation of a straight line
y=mx+b
in which y is the y-axis parameter of (HDT.sub.l -HDT.sub.c)/(T.sub.m -HDT.sub.c), x is the x-axis parameter of TR(YS.sub.m /TS.sub.c), m is the slope of the straight line, and b is the intercept on the y-axis, with the proviso that:
m is 1 and b is zero (0) for values of x from zero (0) to 0.05, m is 10 and b is -0.45 for values of x from 0.05 to 0.12, and m is zero (0) and b is 0.75 for values of x greater than 0.12;
and the upper boundary of said area being defined by the equation of a straight line as defined hereinabove, with the proviso that:
m is 112.5 and b is zero (0) for values of x from zero (0) to 0.004, m is 15.3 and b is 0.389 for values of x from 0.004 to 0.04, and m is zero (0) and b is 1 for values of x greater than 0.04
wherein:
(HDT.sub.l -HDT.sub.c)/(T.sub.m -HDT.sub.c) is a normalized heat distortion temperature variable wherein
HDT.sub.l is the heat distortion temperature of the laminate;
HDT.sub.c is the heat distortion temperature of the thermoplastic core layer;
T.sub.m is the crystalline melting point of the thermoplastic core layer;
TR is the thickness ratio of the sum of the metal layer-thicknesses to the thermoplastic core layer thickness;
YS.sub.m is the thickness-weight-average tensile yield strength of the two metal layers at an offset of 5% elongation; and
TS.sub.c is the tensile strength of the thermoplastic core layer.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The laminate of claim 1 wherein the metal layers are selected from the group consisting of:
aluminum, low carbon steel, and stainless steel.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The laminate of claim 11 wherein the metal layers have different compositions.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The laminate of claim 11 wherein the metal layers have different thicknesses.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The laminate of claim 12 wherein the metal layers have different thicknesses.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The laminate of claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic core layer and the metal layers are uniformly laminated together via an adhesion agent interposed between the facing surfaces thereof.

### Claim 16 (depends on 12)

The laminate of claim 12 wherein the adhesion agent is selected from the group consisting of:
organosilane adhesion promoter and epoxy resin.

### Claim 17 (depends on 13)

The laminate of claim 13 wherein the organosilane adhesion promoter is an amino-functional alkyltrialkoxysilane.

### Claim 18

A metal-thermoplastic-metal laminate having in combination:
an inelastic ratio less than about 93%;
a coefficient of linear thermal expansion less than about 63.times.10.sup.-6 .degree. C..sup.-1 ;
a flexural stiffness of at least about 52.53.times.10.sup.3 N/m; and
a maximum weight of no more than about 9.76 kg/m.sup.2 ;
said laminate comprising:
a thermoplastic core layer provided that said thermoplastic core is not selected from polyamides and polyesters; and
a metal layer laminated on each side of the thermoplastic core layer, each metal layer having a minimum thickness of about 0.00127 cm; provided that aluminum is not the metal layer on both sides of the laminate when the thermoplastic core layer is high density polyethylene and further provided that when polypropylene is the thermoplastic core and aluminum is the metal layer laminated on each side of the core, the laminate has a maximum weight of about 5.37 kg/m.sup.2 ;
wherein the thickness ratio of the sum of the metal layer-thickness to the thermoplastic core layer thickness is described by the region of numerical overlap of the parameter TR(YS.sub.m /YS.sub.c) as determined from the areas defined by the relationships of TR(YS.sub.m /TS.sub.c) to IR.sub.l and CLTE.sub.l, the lower boundary of said areas being defined by the equation of a straight line
y=mx+b
in which y is the y-axis parameters of IR.sub.l and CLTE.sub.l, x is the x-axis parameter of TR(YS.sub.m /TS.sub.c), m is the slope of the straight line, and b is the intercept on the y-axis, with the proviso that:
when y is IR.sub.l, m is 108 and b is zero (0) for values of x from zero (0) to 0.65, and m is zero (0) and b is 70 for values of x greater than 0.65; and
when y is CLTE.sub.l, m is -3.6.times.10.sup.-4 and b is 45.times.10.sup.-6 for values of x from zero (0) to 0.1, and m is zero (0) and b is 9.times.10.sup.-6 for values of x greater than 0.1;
and the upper boundary of said areas being defined by the equation of a straight line as defined hereinabove, with the proviso that:
when y is IR.sub.l, m is 280 and b is 30 for values of x from zero (0) to 0.25, and m is zero (0) and b is 100 for values of x greater than 0.25; and when y is CLTE.sub.l, m is 2.88.times.10.sup.-3 and b is 216.times.10.sup.-3 and b is 216.times.10.sup.-6 for values of x from zero (0) to 0.05, m is -1.29.times.10.sup.-4 and b is 78.5.times.10.sup.-6 for values of x from 0.05 to 0.26, and m is zero (0) and b is 45.times.10.sup.-6 for values of x greater than 0.26;
wherein:
IR.sub.l is the inelastic ratio of the laminate as measured in flexure at 5% strain in the outer metal layers at the point of maximum deflection;
CLTE.sub.l is the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the laminate;
TR is the thickness ratio of the sum of the metal layer-thicknesses to the thermoplastic core layer thickness;
YS.sub.m is the thickness-weight-average tensile yield strength of the two metal layers at an offset of 5% elongation; and
TS.sub.c is the tensile strength of the thermoplastic core layer.