Char and oil burning engine

A char burning engine comprising:

• an internal combustion engine mechanism comprising at least one cylinder with pistons operative therein;
• a combustion chamber comprising;
• means for containing char fuel and ashes so that said char fuel and ashes are mechanically separated from the piston and cylinder of the engine, said means for containing having a refuel end and an ash removal end, with passages through said means for containing char fuel and ashes, so that air can flow readily into said char fuel during engine compression and so that gases can flow readily out of said char fuel during engine expansion, whereby combustion of said char fuel can occur within said means for containing char fuel and ashes, each cylinder of said internal combustion engine being equipped with at least one of said combustion chambers;
• a refuel mechanism comprising a refuel block and a refuel block drive;
• said refuel block comprising:
• means for adding fresh char into said combustion chamber at intervals so that combustion chamber is filled at each refueling;
• and means for sealing the refuel end of said combustion chamber;
• said refuel block drive comprising;
• means for driving said refuel block through a refuel cycle at the end of each refuel interval so that the refuel end of the combustion chamber is sealed during engine compression and expansion processes;
• means for reloading a quantity of fresh char fuel at intervals into said refuel mechanism, said means for reloading a quantity of fresh char fuel being a reload mechanism, each char burning engine, whatever the number of engine cylinders, being equipped with at least one reload mechanism, and each cylinder of said engine being served by at least one reload mechanism;
• an ash removal mechanism comprising;
• means for removing a quantity of ashes from said combustion chamber;
• means for dumping said removed quantity of ashes outside the engine;
• means for sealing the ash removal end of said combustion chamber against gas leakage during compression and expansion processes of the engine;
• means for heating a portion of the char fuel within said combustion chamber to that temperature at which char will react rapidly with oxygen in adjacent compressed air so that the engine will start when cranked;
• means for slowing down the reaction of char and oxygen when the engine is to be stopped;
• means for controlling the density of the engine intake air in order to control engine torque;
• whereby said internal combustion engine becomes a char burning engine capable of running on char fuels as well as on fuels used for said starting means.

A char burning engine comprising:

• an internal combustion engine mechanism comprising at least one cylinder with pistons operative therein;
• a combustion chamber comprising:
• means for containing char fuel and ashes so that said char fuel and ashes are mechanically separated from the piston and cylinder of the engine, said means for containing having a refuel end and an ash removal end, with passage through said means for containing char fuel and ashes so that air can flow readily into said char fuel during engine compression and so that gases can flow readily out of said char fuel during engine expansion, whereby combustion of said char fuel can occur within said means for containing char fuel and ashes, each cylinder of said internal combustion engine being equipped with at least one of said combustion chambers;
• a refuel mechanism comprising a refuel block and a refuel block drive;
• said refuel block comprising;
• means for adding fresh char fuel into said combustion chamber at intervals, said means for adding fresh char fuel displacing a fixed volume at each refueling, said refuel interval being a fixed integral number of engine revolutions;
• and means for sealing the refuel end of said combustion chamber;
• said refuel block drive comprising, means for driving said refuel block through a refuel cycle at the end of each refuel interval so that the refuel end of the combustion chamber is sealed during engine compression and expansion processes;
• means for reloading a quantity of fresh char fuel at intervals into said refuel mechanism and adjusting the fresh char fuel quantity thusly reloaded to maintain a total char quantity within said engine combustion chamber adequate to assure essentially maximum possible reaction of the available oxygen with char fuel, and to assure essentially maximum possible reaction of the char fuel while within said combustion chamber, said means for reloading a quantity of fresh char fuel being a reload mechanism, each char burning engine, whatever the number of engine cylinders, being equipped with at least one reload mechanism, and each cylinder of said engine being served by at least one reload mechanism;
• an ash removal mechanism comprising:
• means for removing a quantity of ashes from said combustion chamber;
• means for dumping said removed quantity of ashes outside the engine;
• means for sealing the ash removal end of said combustion chamber against gas leakage during compression and expansion processes of the engine;
• means for heating a portion of the char fuel within said combustion chamber to that temperature at which char will react rapidly with oxygen in adjacent compressed air, so that the engine will start when cranked;
• means for slowing down the reaction of char and oxygen when the engine is to be stopped;
• means for controlling the density of the engine intake air in order to control engine torque;
• whereby said internal combustion engine becomes a char burning engine capable of running on char fuels as well as on fuels used for said starting means.

A char burning engine comprising:

• an internal combustion engine mechanism comprising at least one cylinder with pistons operative therein;
• a combustion chamber comprising;
• means for containing char fuel and ashes so that said char fuel and ashes are mechanically separated from the piston and cylinder of the engine, said means for containing having a refuel and an ash removal end, with passages through said means for containing char fuel and ashes so that air can flow readily into said char fuel during engine compression and so that gases can flow readily out of said char fuel during engine expansion, whereby combustion of said char fuel can occur within said means for containing char fuel and ashes, each cylinder of said internal combustion engine being equipped with at least one of said combustion chambers;
• a refuel mechanism comprising a refuel block and a refuel block drive;
• said refuel block comprising;
• means for adding fresh char fuel into said combustion chamber at intervals, said means for adding fresh char fuel displacing a fixed volume at each refueling;
• and means for sealing the refuel end of said combustion chamber;
• said refuel block drive comprising;
• means for driving said refuel block through a refuel cycle at the end of each refuel interval, so that the refuel end of the combustion chamber is sealed during engine compression and expansion processes;
• a refuel interval setter comprising a revolutions counter and refuel initiator, an air density sensor and control and an ash level sensor and control;
• said revolutions counter and refuel initiator comprising;
• means for counting engine revolutions up to the refuel interval set by said controls and then initiating the refuel mechanism and resetting itself to start counting the next refuel interval;
• said air density sensor and control comprising:
• means for sensing the engine intake air density and setting said refuel interval of engine revolutions so that said refuel interval is inversely proportional to the density of the engine intake air;
• said ash level sensor and control comprising;
• means for sensing the ash zone level within said combustion chamber and adjusting said refuel interval of engine revolutions so that the ash zone level within said combustion chamber is deep enough within said combustion chamber to assure essentially maximum possible reaction of char fuel while within said combustion chamber, and is low enough within said combustion chamber to assure essentially maximum possible reaction of available oxygen with char fuel within said combustion chamber;
• each char burning engine, whatever the number of engine cylinders, being equipped with at least one refuel interval setter and each cylinder of said engine being served by at least one refuel interval setter;
• means for reloading a quantity of fresh char fuel at intervals into said refuel mechanism, said means for reloading a quantity of fresh char fuel being a reload mechanism, each char burning engine, whatever the number of engine cylinders, being equipped with at least one reload mechanism, and each cylinder of said engine being served by at least one reload mechanism;
• an ash removal mechanism comprising;
• means for removing a quantity of ashes from said combustion chamber;
• means for dumping said removed quantity of ashes outside the engine;
• means for sealing the ash removal end of said combustion chamber against gas leakage during compression and expansion processes of the engine;
• means for heating a portion of the char fuel within said combustion chamber to that temperature at which char will react rapidly with oxygen in adjacent compressed air, so that the engine will start when cranked;
• means for slowing down the reaction of char and oxygen when the engine is to be stopped;
• means for controlling the density of the engine intake air in order to control engine torque;
• whereby said internal combustion engine becomes a char burning engine capable of running on char fuels as well as on fuels used for said starting means.

A char burning engine comprising:

• an internal combustion engine mechanism comprising at least one cylinder with pistons operative therein;
• at least two combustion chambers for each cylinder of said engine, each such combustion chamber comprising;
• means for containing char fuel and ashes so that said char fuel and ashes are mechanically separated from the piston and cylinder of the engine, with passages through said means for containing char fuel and ashes, so that air can flow readily into said char fuel when said means for containing is subjected to compression inside the engine cylinder, and so that gases can flow readily out of said char fuel when said means for containing is subjected to expansion inside the engine cylinder;
• at least one moveable chamber block for each cylinder of said engine, with said combustion chambers being mounted into said moveable chamber block so that at at least one position within the range of motion of said moveable chamber block each combustion chamber is positioned inside the engine cylinder, and so that at at least one other position within the range of motion of said moveable chamber block each combustion chamber is positioned outside the engine cylinder;
• means for sealing between the cylinder of said engine and said moveable chamber block during engine compression and expansion processes;
• means for adding fresh char fuel into each combustion chamber when it is positioned outside the engine cylinder and is stopped, said means for adding being a refuel mechanism, each engine being equipped with at least one refuel mechanism, each combustion chamber being refueled by at least one refuel mechanism;
• means for reloading a quantity of fresh char fuel into said refuel mechanism after each combustion chamber is refueled, each engine being equipped with at least one reload mechanism, each refuel mechanism being served by at least one reload mechanism;
• drive means for moving said moveable chamber block so that whenever said moveable chamber block motion is stopped, at least one combustion chamber is positioned inside the engine cylinder, and at least one combustion chamber is positioned outside the engine cylinder, said moveable chamber block motion occurring at intervals of an integral number of engine crankshaft revolutions;
• means for controlling the density of the engine intake air in order to control engine torque;
• whereby said internal combustion engine becomes a char burning engine capable of running on char fuels.

A char burning engine comprising:

• an internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder with piston operative therein;
• at least two combustion chambers for each cylinder of said engine, each such combustion chamber comprising;
• means for containing char fuel and ashes so that said char fuel and ashes are mechanically separated from the piston and cylinder of the engine, with passages through said means for containing char fuel and ashes, so that air can flow readily into said char fuel when said means for containing is subjected to compression inside the engine cylinder, and so that gases can flow readily out of said char fuel when said means for containing is subjected to expansion inside the engine cylinder;
• at least one moveable chamber block for each cylinder of said engine, with said combustion chambers being mounted into said moveable chamber block so that at at least one position within the range of motion of said moveable chamber block each combustion chamber is positioned inside the engine cylinder, and so that at at least one other position within the range of motion of said moveable chamber block each combustion chamber is positioned outside the engine cylinder;
• means for sealing between the cylinder of said engine and said moveable chamber block during engine compression and expansion processes;
• means for adding fresh car fuel into each combustion chamber when it is positioned outside the engine cylinder and is stopped, said means for adding being a refuel mechanism, each engine being equipped with at least one refuel mechanism, each combustion chamber being refueled by at least one refuel mechanism;
• means for reloading a quantity of fresh char fuel into said refuel mechanism after each combustion chamber is refueled, each engine being equipped with at least one reload mechanism, each refuel mechanism being served by at least one reload mechanism;
• drive means for moving said moveable chamber block so that said moveable chamber block motion occurs only during engine exhaust and intake, and so that whenever said moveable chamber block motion is stopped at least one combustion chamber is positioned inside the engine cylinder, and at least one combustion chamber is positioned outside the engine cylinder, said moveable chamber block motion occurring at intervals of an integral number of engine crankshaft revolutions;
• means for controlling the density of the engine intake air in order to control engine torque;
• whereby said internal combustion engine becomes a char burning engine capable of running on char fuels.