Resinous salts, their preparations, and their use in coatings

A process for the preparation of resinous salts which are at least dispersible in water, comprising reaction of a phenol-terminated resin of formula ##STR16## with the proviso that at least one of the two carbon atoms ortho, or the one carbon atom para, to the carbon atom bearing the indicated phenolic hydroxyl group is unsubstituted, in the presence of a source of M.sup.+ ions with an aldehyde of formula

• R.sup.2 CHO IX
• and a mercaptocarboxylic acid of formula
• HS--R.sub.1.sup.1 --COOH X
• where
• R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
• each R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms,
• R.sup.6 represents the residue of a polyepoxide after removal of (m+p) 1,2-epoxide groups,
• each R.sup.7 represents either a hydrogen atom or a covalent bond which is linked to the group R.sup.6 to form a cycloaliphatic ring,
• R.sup.9 represents the residue of a monohydric phenol, a secondary monoamine, or a monocarboxylic acid after removal of the hydrogen atom of the phenolic hydroxyl group, the secondary amino group, or the carboxylic acid group,
• m represents 1, 2, 3, or 4,
• n represents zero or 1,
• p represents zero or 1, such that (m+p) is at least 2 and at most 4,
• X represents an alkylene or alkylidene group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a carbonyl or sulfonyl group, an oxygen or sulfur atom, or a valence bond,
• M.sup.+ represents a hydrogen ion, a cation derived from an alkali metal, ammonia, or an amine, or one valence of a polyvalent cation, with the proviso that at least 25% of the ions M.sup.+ are a said cation, and
• R.sub.1.sup.1 represents an aliphatic, aromatic, or araliphatic divalent group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

A process for the preparation of resinous salts which are at least dispersible in water, comprising reaction of a phenol-terminated resin of formula ##STR17## with the proviso that at least one of the two carbon atoms ortho, or the one carbon atom para, to the carbon atom bearing the indicated phenolic hydroxyl group is unsubstituted, in the presence of a source of M.sup.+ ions with an aldehyde of formula

• R.sup.2 CHO IX
• and sulfurous acid or a water-soluble salt of sulfurous acid, where
• R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
• each R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms,
• R.sup.6 represents the residue of a polyepoxide after removal of (m+p) 1,2-epoxide groups,
• each R.sup.7 represents either a hydrogen atom or a covalent bond which is linked to the group R.sup.6 to form a cycloaliphatic ring,
• R.sup.9 represents the residue of a monohydric phenol, a secondary monoamine, or a monocarboxylic acid after removal of the hydrogen atom of the phenolic hydroxyl group, the secondary amino group, or the carboxylic acid group,
• m represents 1, 2, 3, or 4,
• n represents zero or 1,
• p represents zero or 1, such that (m+p) is at least 2 and at most 4,
• X represents an alkylene or alkylidene group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a carbonyl or sulfonyl group, an oxygen or sulfur atom, or a valence bond, and
• M.sup.+ represents a hydrogen ion, a cation derived from an alkali metal, ammonia, or an amine, or one valence of a polyvalent cation, with the proviso that at least 25% of the ions M.sup.+ are a said cation.