# US 4,400,756 A · Inductive load driver protection circuits having minimal power dissipation

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- Number: US 4,400,756 A
- Document ID: US4400756A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/296,674
- Filed: 1981-08-27
- Granted: 1983-08-23
- Earliest claimed: 1981-08-27
- Assignees: Motorola, Inc.
- Inventors: David L. Cave; Gary L. Maulding; Howard F. Weber
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4400756A

## CPC

- H03K 17/0826: {in bipolar transistor switches}
- H01H 47/325: {by switching regulator}
- H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M)
- H01H: ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES (contact cables H01B7/10; electrolytic self-interrupters H01G9/18; emergency protective circuit arrangements H02H; switching by electronic means without contact-making H03K17/00)

## Abstract

The self-protecting load driver circuit includes an output transistor having an emitter coupled to a current sensor and a collector adapted to be coupled to the electrical load. A comparator senses the magnitude of a current sensor signal and applies trigger signals to a time delay circuit which is connected between the output of the comparator and the control terminal of a control circuit for the protected transistor. The rise time of the voltage across the current sensor depends on the inductance, for instance, of the load. The time delay circuit enables the control circuit to disable the output transistor for a predetermined time duration in response to the threshold voltage of the comparator being exceeded by the sensor voltage. At other times, the protected transistor is saturated by the control circuit so that power is delivered to the load.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A circuit for limiting current in an inductive load, comprising:
a transistor having first and second current conducting electrodes and a control electrode, said first current conducting electrode coupled to said load;
current sensing means coupled between said second current conducting electrode and a first reference voltage, said current sensing means having a sensed voltage;
comparator means having a first input adapted to receive a bias voltage, a second input coupled to said current sensing means, and an output having a first state representative of said sensed voltage being greater than said bias voltage and a second state representative of said sense voltage being less than said bias voltage;
control circuit means having a control terminal responsive to said output of said comparator means and having an output coupled to said control electrode for rendering said transistor nonconductive when said output of said comparator means is in said first state and for rendering said transistor conductive when said output of said comparator means is in said second state; and
time delay means coupled between said output of said comparator means and said control circuit means for disabling said transistor for a predetermined period of time following the transition at said output of said comparator means from said second state to said first state.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The circuit of claim 1 wherein said current sensing means includes a resistor means.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The circuit of claim 1 wherein said control circuit means comprises:
current supply means; and
switch means having an input terminal connected to said current supply means, a first output terminal connected to said control electrode of said transistor, a second output terminal adapted to receive a second reference voltage, and a control terminal coupled to said output terminal of said time delay means.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The circuit of claim 1 wherein said transistor comprises an NPN transistor, a collector being the first current conducting electrode, said collector coupled to a third reference voltage by said inductive load, said inductive load controlling the rise time of said sensed voltage.