# US 4,400,096 A · Osmometers

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- Number: US 4,400,096 A
- Document ID: US4400096A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/269,263
- Filed: 1981-06-01
- Granted: 1983-08-23
- Earliest claimed: 1980-07-16
- Inventors: Robert E. Molloy
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4400096A

## CPC

- G01K 7/22: the element being a non-linear resistance, e.g. thermistor (G01K7/26 takes precedence)
- G01N 13/04: Investigating osmotic effects
- G01N 25/147: {by cristallisation}
- G01K: MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (radiation pyrometry G01J5/00)
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)

## Abstract

An osmometer probe comprises a cage which carries abrasive material and encloses a temperature sensor. In use, the probe is placed in a super-cooled solution and the abrasive material detaches particles of the container which initiate crystallization of the solution, the temperature on crystallization being measured by means of the temperature sensor.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A device for determining the concentration of particles of a solute in a solvent, comprising a temperature-sensitive probe provided with abrasive or cutting means for detaching particles from the interior of a container for the solution.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A device as claimed in claim 1 in which the probe comprises a cage on which the abrasive or cutting means are provided, and a temperature-sensitive element within the cage.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1, 2)

A device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which the probe is provided with diamond grit as the abrasive means.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1, 2)

A device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in combination with means for monitoring the temperature of the solution, adapted to provide a signal when the temperature reaches a predetermined value.

### Claim 5

A method of determining the concentration of particles of a solute in a solvent, comprising the steps of super-cooling the solution formed by the solute and solvent and containing the super-cooled solution in a container, inserting into the solution in the container a temperature-sensitive probe provided with abrasive or cutting means, detaching particles from the interior of the container by operation of the abrasive or cutting means thereby initiating crystallisation of the super-cooled solution about the said particles acting as nuclei, and measuring the temperature of the crystallising solution, the said temperature being a measure of the said concentration of particles.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5 further comprising monitoring the temperature of the solution by the said probe during the said super cooling of the solution, and initiating the crystallisation of the super cooled solution by the said detaching of particles from the interior of the container, when the sensed temperature of the solution has reached a predetermined super cooled value.