# US 4,399,407 A · Engine analyzer with constant width digital waveform display > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,399,407 A - Document ID: US4399407A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/327,511 - Filed: 1981-12-04 - Granted: 1983-08-16 - Earliest claimed: 1981-12-04 - Assignees: Bear Automotive Service Equipment Company - Inventors: Michael J. Kling; Joseph A. Marino - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4399407A ## CPC - F02P 17/08: using a cathode-ray oscilloscope (F02P17/06 takes precedence) - F02P: IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES ({anti-pollution means for internal-combustion engines F02B17/00}; specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines F02B53/12; {ignition of gas turbine plants F02C7/26; ignition of jet propulsion plants F02K9/95; starting of combustion engines F02N9/00}; ignition of combustion apparatus in general, glowing plugs F23Q; measuring of physical variables in general G01; controlling in general G05; data processing in general G06; electrical components in general see Section H; {ignition coils H01F38/12}; sparking plugs H01T13/00) ## Abstract An engine analyzer for an internal combustion engine includes an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter which digitizes an analog electrical input waveform representing, for example, a secondary or primary voltage waveform of the ignition coil of the internal combustion engine. The digitized input waveform is stored in the form of digital data in a data mamory. Upon request by the operator of the apparatus, a microprocessor selects digital data stored, and supplies that digital data to a display, which displays a visual representation of the waveform based upon the selected digital data. The engine analyzer apparatus produces a constant width waveform regardless of engine RPM, by determining the period of the waveform to be stored, and then varying the sample rate at which the A/D converter samples the analog waveform and converts the sampled waveform to digital data. As a result, the number of data samples, and thus the width of the displayed waveform, is constant. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A test system for testing operation of a selected system or component of an internal combustion engine, the test system comprising: means for providing a periodic analog input waveform representative of operation of the system or component of the internal combustion engine under a test condition, the periodic analog input waveform having a period which varies as a function of engine speed; analog-to-digital (A/D) converter means for sampling the analog input waveform periodically at a data sample rate and converting each sample to a digital value; means for controlling the data sample rate of the analog-to-digital converter means as a function of the period of the input waveform to produce a predetermined number of digital values representative of the input waveform; data memory means for storing the predetermined number of digital values; and display means for displaying a simulated visual representation of the input waveform based upon the stored predetermined number of digital values, the simulated visual representation being representative of operation of the system and component of the internal combustion engine under the test condition. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The test system of claim 1 wherein the means for controlling the data sample rate comprises: sample clock generator means for supplying an A/D clock signal to the A/D converter means having a first frequency which determines the data sample rate of the A/D converter means; period measuring means for measuring the period of the input waveform; and means for providing a frequency control signal to the sample clock generator means as a function of the measured period to cause the data sample rate to be inversely proportional to the measured period. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The test system of claim 2 wherein the period measuring means comprises: means for providing a scaler clock signal with a second frequency; and a period measuring counter means for counting in response to the scaler clock signal during the period of the input waveform to produce a digital count which is indicative of the period. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The test system of claim 3 wherein the frequency control signal is a digital frequency control value, and wherein the sample clock generator means comprises a sample clock generator counter which counts in response to the scaler clock signal and produces the A/D clock signal with the first frequency which is equal to the second frequency divided by a digital frequency control value. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The test system of claim 4 wherein the means for providing a scaler clock signal comprises: clock prescaler means for receiving a clock signal of a third frequency and for providing the scaler clock signal with the second frequency being a function of the third frequency and a digital prescaling value. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The test system of claim 5 and further comprising: programmed digital computer means for providing the digital prescaling value to the clock prescaler means and providing the digital frequency control value to the sample clock generator counter based upon the digital count of the period measuring counter. ### Claim 7 A test system for testing operation of a selected system or component of an internal combustion engine, the test system comprising: means for providing an analog input waveform representative of operation of the selected system or component of the internal combustion engine under a test condition, the analog input waveform having a period which varies as a function of engine speed; analog-to-digital (A/D) converter means for sampling the analog input waveform periodically at a date sample rate and converting each sample to a digital value; data memory means for storing the digital values; display means for displaying a simulated visual representation of the input waveform based upon the stored digital value, the simulated visual representation being representative of operation of the selected system or component of the internal combustion engine under the test condition; sample clock generator means for supplying an A/D clock signal to the A/D converter means which determines the data sample rate of the A/D converter means; means for supplying a signal to the A/D converter means to initiate sampling of the analog input waveform by the A/D converter means; and means for transferring a predetermined number of digital values representative of the input waveform from the A/D converter means to selected locations in the data memory means. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The test system of claim 7 and further comprising: period measuring means for measuring the period of the input waveform; and means for providing a frequency control signal to the sample clock generator means as a function of the measured period. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The test system of claim 8 wherein the period measuring means measures the period of the input waveform during a cycle of the internal combustion engine preceding a cycle of the internal combustion engine during which the A/D converter means samples the input waveform. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The test system of claim 8 wherein the means for providing a frequency control signal is a programmed digital computer means. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The test system of claim 10 wherein the digital computer means provides the means for transferring a digital signal indicative of an address of the data memory means for storing the digital values and a digital signal indicative of the predetermined number of digital values to be transferred. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The test system of claim 11 wherein the means for transferring comprises a direct memory access (DMA) controller. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The test system of claim 12 wherein the A/D converter means provides an end-of-conversion signal upon completion of converting each sample to a digital value, and wherein the DMA controller transfers the digital value to a selected memory location in the data memory means until the predetermined number of digital values have been transferred. ### Claim 14 (depends on 7) The test system of claim 7 and further comprising: user interface means for requesting a selected input waveform to be displayed; multiplexer means for receiving a plurality of analog input waveforms representative of operation of various systems or components of the internal combustion engine; and means for providing an A/D channel select signal to the multiplexer means to cause the multiplexer means to provide the selected analog input waveform to the A/D converter means. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The test system of claim 14 wherein the internal combustion engine includes an electrical ignition system, the test system further comprising: primary waveform circuit means for deriving from the ignition system a primary analog input waveform for each cylinder of the engine; and secondary waveform circuit means for deriving from the ignition system a secondary analog input waveform for each cylinder of the engine. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The test system of claim 15 wherein the means for supplying a signal to the A/D converter means to initiate sampling comprises: cylinder counter means for counting in response to a signal derived from the ignition system of the internal combustion engine to provide an indication of when a selected analog input waveform for a selected cylinder will be generated; and means for supplying the signal to the A/D converter means to initiate sampling of the analog input waveform when the cylinder counter means indicates that the selected analog input waveform will be generated. ### Claim 17 A test system for testing operation of a selected system or component of an internal combustion engine, the test system comprising: means for providing a periodic analog input waveform representative of operation of the selected system or component of the internal combustion engine under a test condition, the periodic analog input waveform having a period which varies as a function of engine speed; analog-to-digital (A/D) converter means for sampling the analog input waveform periodically at a data sample rate in response to an A/D clock signal and converting each sample to a digital value; period measuring means for measuring the period of the input waveform prior to sampling of the input waveform; sample clock generator means for supplying the A/D clock signal to the A/D converter means as a function of the measured period; data memory means for storing a predetermined number of digital values from the A/D converter means; and display means for displaying a simulated visual representative of the input waveform based upon the stored predetermined number of digital values, the simulated visual representation being representative of operation of the selected system or component of the internal combustion engine under the test condition. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The test system of claim 17 wherein the period measuring means comprises: means for providing a scaler clock signal with a known frequency; and period measuring counter means for counting in response to the scaler clock signal during the period of the input waveform to produce a digital count which is indicative of the period. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The test system of claim 18 wherein the frequency control signal is a digital frequency control value, and wherein the sample clock generator means comprises a sample clock generator counter which counts in response to the scaler clock signal and produces the A/D clock signal with a frequency which is equal to the frequency of the scaler clock signal divided by a digital frequency control value. ### Claim 20 A test system for testing operation of a selected system or component of an internal combustion engine, the test system comprising: means for providing an analog input waveform representative of operation of the selected system or component of the internal combustion engine under a test condition, the analog input waveform being a period which varies as a function of engine speed; analog-to-digital (A/D) converter means for sampling the analog input waveform periodically at a data sample rate in response to an A/D clock signal and converting each sample to a digital value; data memory means for storing the digital values from the A/D converter means; display means for displaying a simulated visual representation of the input waveform based upon the stored digital values, the simulated visual representation being representative of operation of the selected system or component of the internal combustion engine under the test condition; period measuring means for measuring the period of the input waveform prior to sampling of the input waveform by the A/D converter means; means for supplying the A/D clock signal to the A/D converter means as a function of the measured period; means for supplying a signal to the A/D converter means to initiate sampling of the analog input waveform by the A/D converter means; and means for transferring a predetermined number of digital values representative of the input waveform from the A/D converter means to selected locations in the data memory means. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The test system of claim 20 wherein the means for supplying the A/D clock signal causes the A/D clock signal to have a frequency such that the data sample rate is inversely proportional to the measured period.