# US 4,399,395 A · Line-to-line voltage reconstruction for synchronizing thyristor power converter > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,399,395 A - Document ID: US4399395A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/300,200 - Filed: 1981-09-08 - Granted: 1983-08-16 - Earliest claimed: 1981-09-08 - Assignees: General Electric Company - Inventors: Paul M. Espelage - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4399395A ## CPC - H02M 5/4505: {having a rectifier with controlled elements} - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) ## Abstract The effect of commutation notches 35 appearing in the nominally sinusoidal alternating current (AC) line-to-line voltage, for example, v.sub.ab used to synchronize the firing of thyristors in three phase, phase-locked power converters 12 and 14 is essentially eliminated by reconstructing the corrupted line-to-line voltage by summing the integral of the corrupted line-to-line voltage .PSI..sub.ab with a signal proportional to the product of the delta load current, for example, i.sub.ab and the commutation inductance L.sub.c. The composite waveform .PSI..sub.ab +i.sub.ab .times.L.sub.c) resulting from the summation has well defined zero crossings 41 from which synchronizing pulses are generated for synchronizing the phase-locked thyristor firing circuit 18 implemented by either software or hardware techniques. Additionally, the reconstructed waveform is used to control commutation, particularly in the control of a load side converter i.e. inverter 14 which is utilized in an AC motor drive system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of generating a control signal for controlling a synchronization and commutation of thyristor firing circuitry included in a phase-locked electrical power converter coupled to a polyphase AC power line, comprising the steps of: (a) deriving at least one voltage signal representing the line-to-line voltage on said AC power line; (b) deriving at least one delta current signal indicative of the current in a phase of said AC power line; (c) generating a pseudo flux signal waveform from said voltage signal; (d) providing an electrical analog of the commutation inductance of said power converter and generating a product signal corresponding to the product of said delta current signal and said analog of the commutation inductance; (e) combining said pseudo flux signal waveform with said product signal to provide a composite signal therefrom; (f) thereafter generating said control signal from said composite signal; and (g) applying said control signal to said thyristor firing circuitry of said power converter. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said power converter comprises an AC converter coupled to a polyphase AC source via said power line. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said power converter comprises a DC converter coupled to an AC load via said power line. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method as defined by claim 1 whereby said step (a) of deriving at least one line-to-line voltage signal comprises the step of sensing at least two phase voltages of said polyphase AC source and thereafter differencing said phase voltages to provide said line-to-line voltage signal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method as defined by claim 4 wherein said phase voltages corresponds the phase to neutral voltages of said AC power line. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method as defined by claim 1 wherein said step (b) of deriving at least one delta current signal comprises sensing at least two phase currents of said AC power line and differencing said two phase currents to provide said delta current signal. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method as defined by claim 1 wherein said step (c) of generating said pseudo flux signal waveform comprises integrating said line-to-line voltage signal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method as defined by claim 1 wherein said step (d) of generating said product signal comprises scaling said delta current signal by a factor corresponding to the analog of the commutation inductance. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method as defined by claim 1 wherein said step (d) of generating said product signal comprises multiplying said delta current signal by a factor corresponding to the analog of the commutation inductance. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method as defined by claim 1 wherein said step (e) of combining comprises summing said pseudo flux signal and said product signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method as defined by claim 1 wherein said step (f) of generating said control signal comprises sensing the zero crossings of said composite signal and then generating pulse signals at the zero crossings of said composite signal, said pulse signals being applied to phase locked loop circuit means coupled to said power converter for synchronizing the operation of said thyristor firing circuitry to said at least one voltage signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said step (f) of generating said control signal comprises applying said composite signal to commutation control means included in said thyristor firing control circuitry for determining appropriate firing angles. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method as dfined by claim 1 wherein said power converter comprises at least one of two interlinked power converters for driving an AC motor load, and wherein said step (f) of generating said control signal comprises determining the zero crossings of said composite signal and generating synchronization pulses therefrom in timed relationship with said zero crossings, said synchronization pulses being thereafter utilized to synchronize said thyristor firing circuitry with the mutual crossings of selected phase voltages of said AC source. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method as defined by claim 13 wherein said step (f) additionally comprises applying said composite signal to said thyristor firing circuitry for determining the proper firing angle for a thyristor bridge included in said power converter. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method as defined by claim 14 wherein said at least one power converter comprises a load side converter which operates to feed AC power to said motor load and wherein said step (f) additionally comprises applying said composite signal to said thyristor firing circuitry of said load side converter for determining a safe commutation margin for firing a thyristor bridge which operates to feed current to said motor load. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The method as defined by claim 14 wherein said step of determining the proper firing angle for commutating said power converter includes the step of determining a weighted average of multiple successive composite signals. ### Claim 17 Apparatus for generating a signal adapted to synchronize the firing of thyristors in a phase-locked power converter having a commutation inductance associated therewith and coupled to a polyphase AC power line comprising in combination: (a) means providing at least one signal representing the line-to-line voltage on said power line; (b) means for sensing the phase currents of said power line and providing at least one signal corresponding to the difference of two of said phase currents to provide a delta current signal; (c) means for integrating said at least one signal representing the line-to-line voltage on said power line to provide a flux wave signal; (d) means for scaling said delta current signal by a predetermined factor to provide a signal corresponding to the delta current signal multiplied by said commutation inductance; (e) means for combining said flux wave signal with said scaled delta current signal to provide a composite signal substantially devoid of commutation notches while having substantially abrupt zero crossings; (f) a phase lock loop for controlling the firing of said thyristors in said power converter; and (g) means for applying said composite signal to said phase-lock loop. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The apparatus as defined by claim 17 wherein said means (g) for applying said composite signal includes (i) means for sensing the zero crossing of said composite signal and (ii) means responsive to said zero crossings of said composite signal to generate and couple synchronizing signals to said phase-lock loop for synchronizing the firing of said thyristors of said converter with the line-to-line voltage. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The apparatus as defined by claim 18 wherein said means (g) for applying said composite signal additionally includes (iii) means for conditioning said composite signal to control the commutation of current in said thyristors in said power converter. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) Apparatus as defined by claim 17 wherein said power converter comprises one or both converters of a polyphase AC power supply system including a source side phase-controlled thyristor bridge converter and a load side phase-controlled thyristor bridge converter coupled together by means of a DC link circuit and operable to supply a load with an AC current of variable magnitude and frequency. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The apparatus as defined by claim 20 wherein said load comprises an AC motor. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The apparatus as defined by claim 20 wherein said power converter comprises the load side converter and said load comprises an AC motor coupled to said converter via said polyphase line. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The apparatus as defined by claim 20 and wherein said means (a) for providing said at least one signal representing the line-to-line voltage includes (i) means for sensing at least two phase voltages of said polyphase power line and (ii) means for differencing said two phase voltages to provide said line-to-line voltage ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The apparatus as defined by claim 23 wherein said converter comprises the source side converter and wherein said means for sensing said phase voltages comprises means for sensing at least two phase voltages of a three phase power source coupled to said load side converter. ### Claim 25 (depends on 23) The apparatus as defined by claim 23 wherein said one converter comprises the load side converter and said load comprises a polyphase AC motor and wherein said means for sensing said phase voltages comprises means for sensing the back electromotive force voltages of said AC motor in response to phase currents fed to said motor from said load side converter. ### Claim 26 (depends on 20) The apparatus as defined by claim 20 and wherein said means (e) for combining comprises summing circuit means coupled to said means for integrating said at least one signal representing the line-to-line voltage and said means for scaling said delta current signal to provide said signal corresponding to the delta current signal multiplied by said commutation inductance. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The apparatus as defined by claim 26 wherein said polyphase AC supply system comprises a three phase system and, wherein said means (a) providing at least one signal representing the line-to-line voltage comprises means for providing three signals representing the respective three phase line-to-line voltages; wherein said means (b) for sensing the phase currents comprises means for sensing each of the three phase line currents and generating three delta current signals therefrom; wherein said means (c) for integrating at least one signal comprises means for integrating respective line-to-line voltages to provide three flux wave signals of the three phase line-to-line voltages; wherein said means (d) for scaling said delta current signal comprises means for scaling each of the three delta current signals to provide respective signals corresponding to each delta current signal multiplied by said commutation inductance; wherein said means (e) for combining comprises means for combining the three flux wave signals with respective scaled delta current signals to provide three composite signals; and wherein said means (f) for applying said composite signal comprises means for sensing zero cross-overs for each of the three composite signals and generating pulse signals corresponding to the respective zero cross-overs, and signal combiner means for combining all of the pulse signals into a unitary pulse train for synchronizing the firing of said thyristors to the line-to-line voltage. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The apparatus as defined by claim 27 and additionally including means responsive to said three composite signals for controlling commutation of said thyristors. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The apparatus as defined by claim 28 and additionally including means for combining said three composite signals and generating a control signal for establishing a safe commutation margin for the firing of said thyristors. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The apparatus as defined by claim 29 wherein said thyristors are connected in a bridge circuit arrangement.