# US 4,399,328 A · Direction and frequency independent column of electro-acoustic transducers > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,399,328 A - Document ID: US4399328A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/237,303 - Filed: 1981-02-23 - Granted: 1983-08-16 - Earliest claimed: 1980-02-25 - Assignees: U.S. Philips Corporation - Inventors: Nico V. Franssen, deceased; by Friedrich J. de Haan, administrator - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4399328A ## CPC - H04R 1/403: {loud-speakers} - H04R 3/12: for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers {(specially adapted for hearing aids H04R25/407)} - H04S 1/002: {Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution (control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field H04S7/30)} - H04R: LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS (producing sounds with frequency not determined by supply frequency G10K) - H04S: STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS ## Abstract An electro-acoustic arrangement comprising a plurality of transducer units including five, seven or nine equally spaced transducers situated in line with the transducers connected to a transmission channel via individual amplitude control devices. The amplitude control devices are adjusted so that the ratios between the conversion factors of the transducer units viewed from end to end are 1:2n:2n.sup.2 :-2n:1 for five transducers to produce an output signal substantially independent of direction and/or frequency. The invention also relates to a combination of five, seven or nine of the foregoing arrangements situated adjacent each other or in line at equal distances with further amplitude control devices connected to a transmission channel. The amplitude control devices are adjusted so that the ratios between the conversion factors of the arrangements, viewed from end to end, form a special relationship. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An electro-acoustic transducer comprising (2K+1) transducer units with substantially identical directivity patterns (k being an integer wherein 2.ltoreq.k.ltoreq.4), said transducer units being situated in line at equal distances (d.sub.1) from each other and being connected to a common electrical transmission channel, each transducer unit including a transducer and an amplitude control device for adjusting the conversion factor of the associated transducer unit, transducer units which are disposed symmetrically relative to a central transducer unit having conversion factors of equal value, the phase shifts in the transducer units being equal, but the phase shift in one of every two of those transducer units which are situated at equal odd multiples of the distance (d.sub.1) from the central transducer unit differing by 180.degree. from one another, the conversion factors being selected to produce a substantially frequency and direction-independent conversion of the sound waves when an index x (x being an interger in the range of l to k+1) is assigned to a plurality of the transducer units, the index 1 being assigned to one of the extreme transducer units, consecutive indices to consecutive adjacent transducer units, proceeding from said extreme transducer unit to the central transducer unit with the highest index assigned to the central transducer unit, and wherein the ratios between the conversion factors A.sub.x assigned to the transducer units satisfy the equation A.sub.1 :A.sub.2 :A.sub.3 :A.sub.4 :A.sub.5 =1:2n:2n.sup.2 :n.sup.3 -n:1/4(n.sup.4 -1)-2n.sup.2, wherein n has a value not equal to zero. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein those transducer units having a conversion factor A.sub.x of zero are not included in the arrangement. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein n is an integer. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) An arrangement as claimed in claims 2 or, 3 including means connecting the two extreme transducer units in series between two connection terminals and the other transducer units in parallel with each other to said connection terminals. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) An arrangement as claimed in claims 2 or, 3 including means connecting the two extreme transducer units in parallel with each other, and means connecting the other transducer units in series with each other and with the parallel-connected extreme transducer units between two connection terminals. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1, 2) An arrangement as claimed in claims 1, 2, or 3 for the transmissions of a stereophonic signal, each transducer unit including a further amplitude control device with those terminals of the further amplitude control devices which are remote from the transducer units being connected to a further electrical transmission channel, the conversion factors of each transducer unit for the left hand and right hand channels being equal, and wherein the phase shifts in the transducer units for the left-hand channel, when proceeding from the one end to the other end of the arrangement, are equal to the phase shifts in the transducer units for the right-hand channel, when proceeding from the other end to the one end. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1, 2) A combination of a plurality of arrangements as claimed in claims 1, 2, or 3 wherein the combination comprises 21+1 arrangements (l being an integer where 2<l<4), said arrangements being disposed at equal distances d.sub.2 from each other in a direction perpendicular to their longitudinal direction or adjacent each other in the longitudinal direction, and each comprise a further amplitude control device for adjusting the conversion factor and the phase shift of each of the arrangements, said further amplitude control devices being connected to a common electrical transmission channel of the combination. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A combination as claimed in claim 7 with the arrangements being disposed adjacent each other in their longitudinal direction, characterized in that the distance d.sub.2 between the central transducer units of two adjacent arrangements is equal to an integral multiple of the distance between two transducer units and smaller than the sum of the distances between the central transducer unit and the extreme transducer unit of each of said two adjacent arrangements. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) A combination as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that arrangements which are situated symmetrically relative to the central arrangement have conversion factors of equal value, the phase shifts in the arrangements being equal, but the phase shift in one of every two of those arrangements which are situated at equal odd multiples of the distance (d.sub.2) from the central arrangement differing by 180.degree. from that in the other, that when an index x (x being an integer in the range of l to l+1) is assigned to a plurality of the arrangements, the index 1 being assigned to one of the extreme arrangements, consecutive indives to consecutive adjacent arrangements, proceeding from said extreme arrangement to the central arrangement with the highest index assigned to the central arrangement, the ratios between the conversion factors of the arrangements B.sub.x satisfy the equation B.sub.1 :B.sub.2 :B.sub.3 :B.sub.4 :B.sub.5 =1:2m:2m.sup.2 :m.sup.3 -m:1/4(m.sup.4 -1)-2m.sup.2, where m has a value not equal to zero. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) A combination as claimed in claim 9 wherein those arrangements having a conversion factor B.sub.x of zero are not a part of the combination. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) A combination as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that m is an integer. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A combination as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the two extreme arrangements are connected in series between two connection terminals of the combination and the other arrangements, are connected in parallel with each other to said connection terminals. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) A combination as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the extreme arrangements are connected in parallel with each other, and the other arrangements are connected in series with each other and with the parallel-connected extreme arrangements between two connection terminals of the combination. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) A combination as claimed in claim 10 further comprising means connecting the two extreme arrangements in series between two connection terminals of the combination, and means connecting the other arrangements in parallel with each other to said connection terminals. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) A combination as claimed in claim 10 further comprising means connecting the extreme arrangements in parallel with each other, and means connecting the other arrangements in series with each other and with the parallel-connected extreme arrangements between two connection terminals of the combination. ### Claim 16 (depends on 2) An arrangement as claimed in claim 2 wherein n is an integer. ### Claim 17 (depends on 8) A combination as claimed in claim 8 characterized in that arrangements which are situated symmetrically relative to the central arrangement have conversion factors of equal value, the phase shifts in the arrangements being equal, but the phase shift in one of every two of those arrangements which are situated at equal odd multiples of the distance (d.sub.2) from the central arrangement differing by 180.degree. from that in the other, that when an index x (x being an integer in the range of l to l+1) is assigned to a plurality of the arrangements, the index 1 being assigned to one of the extreme arrangements, consecutive indices to consecutive adjacent arrangements, proceeding from said extreme arrangement to the central arrangement with the highest index assigned to the central arrangement, the ratios between the conversion factors of the arrangements B.sub.x satisfy the equation B.sub.1 :B.sub.2 :B.sub.3 :B.sub.4 :B.sub.5 =1:2m:2m.sup.2 :m.sup.3 -m:1/4(m.sup.4 -1)-2m.sup.2, where m has a value not equal to zero. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) A combination as claimed in claim 17 wherein those arrangements having a conversion factor B.sub.x of zero are not a part of the combination. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) A combination as claimed in claim 18 characterized in that m is an integer, preferably 1. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1, 2) An arrangement as claimed in claims 1 or 2 wherein n is 1.