# US 4,399,100 A · Automatic process control system and method for curing polymeric materials

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- Number: US 4,399,100 A
- Document ID: US4399100A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/220,369
- Filed: 1980-12-29
- Granted: 1983-08-16
- Earliest claimed: 1980-12-29
- Assignees: Lockheed Corporation
- Inventors: Andrew Zsolnay; Kelly M. Perkins; Leiv H. Blad
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4399100A

## CPC

- G01N 33/442: {Resins; Plastics}
- B29C 35/0288: {Controlling heating or curing of polymers during moulding, e.g. by measuring temperatures or properties of the polymer and regulating the process (controlling or regulating chemical, physical or physico- chemical processes in general B01J19/0006)}
- G01N 27/221: {by investigating the dielectric properties (using microwaves G01N22/00; measuring loss factors or dielectric constants per se G01R27/26)}
- G01N 2203/0092: Visco-elasticity, solidification, curing, cross-linking degree, vulcanisation or strength properties of semi-solid materials
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00)

## Abstract

The invention is directed to an apparatus and method for curing polymeric materials by use of a closed-loop, automatic process control technique. A dielectric monitoring device (15) senses the electrical characteristics which are analogous to viscosity changes taking place in an uncured or partially cured polymeric material (10) while heat is applied thereto. The generated analog signal, which changes in response to variations in the capacitance and dissipation of the polymeric material, is fed into a microcomputer (21) which determines from the direction and amplitude of the generated wave form both the maximum and minimum levels of capacitance and dissipation developed. When a predetermined condition is reached, the microcomputer (21) sends a control signal to processing equipment (24,25) to apply pressure, heat and/or vacuum to the polymeric material (10) at or near the onset of gelation but prior to the hardening point. The microcomputer (21) is programmed so as to discard random electrical signals and questionable data such as from short-term burst noises. The system can be used for curing various polymeric materials having differing characteristics.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An improved system for curing a polymeric material comprising:
(a) heating means adapted to apply heat to said polymeric material;
(b) pressure application means adapted to apply pressure to said polymeric material, said application of heat and pressure acting to cure said polymeric material;
(c) dielectric monitoring means for measuring the capacitance of said polymeric material as said polymeric material is being cured and for generating a signal representative of said capacitance; and
(d) computer means coupled to said monitoring means and said heating and pressure applications means for controlling the application of said heat and said pressure and for receiving said signal from said monitoring means and determining therefrom the optimum time to generate a control signal to apply to said pressure application means to cure said polymeric material, said optimum time occurring when said capacitance reaches a minimum value, said computer means including means for determining said minimum value of said capacitance measurements and means for generating said control signal immediately after said capacitance measurements pass through said minimum value.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The improved system of claim 1 wherein said computer means includes means for determining the maximum value of said capacitance measurements.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The improved system of claim 2 wherein said means for determining said maximum and minimum values includes means for tracking the slope of a curve formed from said capacitance measurements and determining whether the curve is in an upward or downward slope.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The improved system of claim 1 wherein said computer means includes means for disregarding false readings due to short-term impulse noise.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The improved system of claim 1 further comprising electrode means coupled to said monitoring means, said electrode means having said polymeric material disposed therebetween to measure the capacitance thereof.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The improved system of claim 5 further comprising insulating material disposed between said electrode means and said polymeric material.