# US 4,398,860 A · Fork lift truck having means to test overload protective system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,398,860 A - Document ID: US4398860A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 05/868,345 - Filed: 1978-01-10 - Granted: 1983-08-16 - Earliest claimed: 1976-03-11 - Assignees: Allis-Chalmers Corporation - Inventors: Terry R. Downing; Allois F. Geiersbach - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4398860A ## CPC - B66F 17/003: {for fork-lift trucks} - B60G 2300/022: Fork lift trucks, Clark - B60G 2400/61: Load distribution - B60G 2800/012: Rolling condition - B66F: HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD ({invalid lifting devices A61G7/10; } mounting artificial islands on piles or like supports E02B17/00; scaffolding combined with lifting devices E04G1/22; lifting devices for sliding forms E04G11/24; lifting of buildings E04G23/06; shores or struts E04G25/00; lifts or other hoisting devices on ladders E06C7/12; props for mining E21D15/00) - B60G: VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS (air-cushion vehicles B60V; {cycle suspensions B62K25/00}) ## Abstract A fork lift truck has a safety system for inhibiting further raising of the carriage or further forward tilting of the mast when an excessive tilting moment is acting on the truck and permits the truck operator to selectively simulate an overload on the truck and provides a visual indication that the safety system has responded properly to such simulated overload, thereby permitting the truck operator to test whether or not the truck is protected from picking up an overload. ## Claims ### Claim 1 In a fork lift truck having a tilting mast, a load supporting carriage, a mast tilting motor, a carriage elevating motor for raising and lowering said carriage on said mast, overload protective means including sensor means for generating an electrical tilting-moment signal which is a function of the tilting moment acting on said truck and which tilting moment is dependent upon the elevation of said carriage, the weight of the load on the carriage and the angle of inclination of the mast, means receiving said tilting-moment signal as an input for disabling said carriage elevating motor and said mast tilting motor in response to a predetermined value thereof indicative of an overload on said truck, means for providing an indication that said disabling means has operated to disable said carriage elevating and mast tilting motors, and overload simulating means for selectively causing said sensor means to generate a tilting-moment signal having a value equal at least to said predetermined value, thereby permitting the truck operator to simulate an overload on said truck and ascertain from said indication whether or not said truck is protected from picking up on overload. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) In a fork lift truck in accordance with claim 1 wherein said motor disabling means includes comparator means for generating an overload signal in response to said predetermined value of said tilting-moment signal indicative of an overload on said truck and also includes a normally conductive semiconductor switch which is turned off in response to said overload signal, and wherein said means for providing an indication is controlled by said semiconductor switch. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) In a fork lift truck in accordance with claim 2 wherein said motor disabling means also includes first and second electrically operated hydraulic valves both of which have operating coils normally energized in series with said semiconductor switch and are operated to closed position when said switch is turned off to respectively block flow of hydraulic fluid to said mast tilting motor in a direction which would increase the mast forward tilt and to block flow of hydraulic fluid to said carriage elevating motor in a direction which would raise said carriages. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) In a fork lift truck in accordance with claim 3 wherein said semiconductor switch is a transistor and said means for providing an indication is controlled by the collector voltage of said transistor and includes a light emitting diode. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) In a fork lift truck in accordance with claim 4 wherein said sensor means includes a load carrying member on the truck which resists said tilting moment, a plurality of strain gages mounted on said load carrying member and arranged in an electrical bridge, and a differential amplifier coupled across a diagonal of said bridge, said comparator means being coupled to the output of said differential amplifier. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) In a fork lift truck in accordance with claim 5 wherein said overload simulating means for selectively causing said sensor means to generate a tilting-moment signal having a value at least equal to said predetermined value includes means for selectively unbalancing said bridge. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) In a fork lift truck in accordance with claim 1 wherein said sensor means for generating an electrical tilting-moment signal includes an electrical bridge, and said overload simulating means for selectively causing said sensor means to generate a tilting-moment signal having a value at least equal to said predetermined value includes means for selectively unbalancing said bridge. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) In a fork lift truck in accordance with claim 7 wherein said motor disabling means includes a differential amplifier having its inputs coupled across a diagonal of said bridge and unbalance compensation adjustment means for selectively varying the potential difference between the inputs to said differential amplifier until its output voltage is less than a predetermined value to thereby compensate for unbalance in said electrical bridge when said carriage is unloaded. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) In a fork lift truck in accordance with claim 8 wherein said sensor means for generating an electrical tilting-moment signal includes a load carrying member on said truck which is subjected to a load proportional to said tilting moment and a plurality of said strain gages mounted on said load carrying member and arranged in said electrical bridge. ### Claim 10 In combination, a lift truck having a tilting mast, a load supporting carriage, a hydraulic lift jack for raising and lowering said carriage on said mast, a hydraulic tilt jack for tilting said mast, overload protective means including sensor means for deriving an electrical tilting-moment signal whose magnitude is proportional to the tilting moment acting on said truck as a result of a load on said raised carriage, a comparator for deriving an overload signal in response to a predetermined magnitude of said tilting-moment signal indicative of an overload on said truck, means coupled to said comparator for disabling said lift jack and said tilt jack in response to said overload signal, means for providing an indication that said jack-disabling means has operated to disable said lift jack and tilt jack, and overload simulating means for selectively causing said sensor means to derive an electrical tilting moment signal equal at least to said predetermined magnitude, thereby permitting the lift truck operator to test whether or not said lift truck is protected from picking up an overload. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) In the combination of claim 10 wherein said sensor means includes a load carrying member on said truck which resists said tilting moment and a plurality of strain gages mounted on said load carrying member and arranged in an electrical bridge for detecting the mechanical strain in said load carrying member and for generating said electrical tilting-moment signal whose magnitude varies as a function of said mechanical strain, and wherein said overload simulating means includes means for selectively unbalancing said electrical bridge. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) In the combination of claim 11 wherein said sensor means also includes a differential amplifier having its inputs coupled across a diagonal of said bridge and unbalance compensation adjustment means for selectively varying the potential difference across the inputs of said differential amplifier until its output voltage is less than a predetermined value to thereby compensate for unbalance in said bridge when said carriage is unloaded. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) In the combination of claim 12 wherein said means for disabling said lift jack and said tilt jack includes first and second electrically operated hydraulic blocking valves each of which has open and closed positions which respectively allow and block flow of fluid to the corresponding jack and an electrical coil for operating it between said positions and said disabling means also includes a normally conductive semiconductor switch in series with said electrical coils of said lift jack and of said tilt jack and holding them in closed position, said switch being turned off in response to said overload signal, and said means for providing an indication includes visual indicating means controlled by said semiconductor switch. ### Claim 14 In a fork lift truck having a tilting mast, a load supporting carriage, a mast tilting motor, a carriage elevating motor for raising and lowering said carriage on said mast, a load supporting member which resists the tilting moment acting on said truck as a result of a load on the raised carriage, sensor means including a plurality of strain gages mounted on said load carrying member and arranged in an electrical bridge for generating a tilting-moment electrical signal whose magnitude varies as a function of the mechanical strain in said load carrying member and thus as a function of said tilting moment, a differential amplifier having its inputs coupled across a diagonal of said bridge, comparator means coupled to the output of said differential amplifier for deriving an overload signal when said tilting-moment signal from said bridge exceeds a predetermined magnitude indicative of an overload on said truck, disabling means coupled to the output of said comparator means and being responsive to said overload signal to disable said mast tilting motor and said carriage elevating motor, said disabling means includes a normally conductive transistor switch and electrically operated hydraulic valves having operating coils in series with said transistor switch and which valves respectively control flow of fluid to said mast tilting motor and to said carriage elevating motor, overload simulating means for selectively unbalancing said bridge sufficiently to cause said comparator to generate said overload signal, and indicating means for providing a visual indication when said transistor switch is turned off, thereby permitting the truck operator to selectively test whether or not said lift truck is protected from picking up an overload.