# US 4,398,217 A · Method of and arrangement for digitizing a time-discrete video signal using a picture transform coding

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- Number: US 4,398,217 A
- Document ID: US4398217A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/278,235
- Filed: 1981-06-29
- Granted: 1983-08-09
- Earliest claimed: 1980-04-07
- Assignees: U.S. Philips Corporation
- Inventors: Joseph H. Peters
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4398217A

## CPC

- H04N 19/60: using transform coding
- H04N 19/13: Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
- H04N 19/91: Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION

## Abstract

A method of and arrangement for digitizing a video signal using a picture transform coding, wherein a group of N video signal samples is converted into a group of N coefficients y(m) wherein m=1, 2, 3, . . . N which are each adaptively encoded. In order to prevent a coefficient y(m) which is on average small to very small, from being insufficiently accurately encoded, or not encoded at all, when it is occasionally large, the group of coefficients is compared with a number of fixed classification groups A(j) each consisting of M elements a(j,m), wherein a(j+l,m).gtoreq.a(j,m) and j=1, 2, 3, . . . M. The j is determined in such manner that y(m)<a(j,m) for all m. A bit-assignment group B(j) having elements b(j,m) is associated with each classification group A(j) and each one of the N coefficients y(m) is now converted into a code word z(m) which contains a number of bits which is characterized by b(j,m) and which is, for example, equal to the value of b(j,m).

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of digitizing a time-discrete video signal, comprising the following steps:
(a) composing a video group consisting of a finite number of N video signal samples x(n);
(b) transforming this video group into a group of coefficients consisting of N coefficients y(m), which are each equal to the sum of weighted versions of the video signal samples x(n) of the video group and wherein n, m=1, 2, 3, . . . N;
(c) adaptive coding of each of the coefficients y(m) of the group of coefficients by carrying out the following sub-steps:
c(1). comparing the absolute value of the group of coefficients with a number of classification groups A(j) wherein j=1, 2, 3 . . . M, each consisting of the positive elements a(j,m) and the order j being assigned to the group A(j) and a(j+1,m).gtoreq.a(j,m), while a bit-assignment group B(j) consisting of the positive elements b(j,m) is associated with each classification group A(j);
c(2). determining the classification group A(j) of the least possible order for which it holds that for each value of m the absolute value of y(m) is smaller than a(j,m);
c(3). converting the absolute value of each of the coefficients y(m) into a coefficient code word z(m) which comprises a number of bits characterized by the element b(j,m) of the bit-assignment group B(j) associated with the selected classification group A(j);
(d) generating an order code word R(j) which characterizes the order of the selected classification group A(j).

### Claim 2

An arrangement for digitizing a time-discrete video signal comprising:
(a) means for composing a video group consisting of a finite number of N video signal samples x(n);
(b) means for transforming this video group into a group of coefficients consisting of N coefficients y(m), which are each equal to the sum of weighted versions of the video signal samples x(n) of the video group and wherein n, m=1, 2, 3, . . . N;
(c) means for adaptively coding each of the coefficients y(m) of the group of coefficients, comprising:
c(1). comparison means for comparing the absolute value of the group of coefficients with a number of classification groups A(j), wherein j=1, 2, 3, . . . M, each consisting of the positive elements a(j,m) and the order j being assigned to this group A(j) and a(j+1,m).gtoreq.a(j,m), while a bit-assignment group B(j) consisting of the positive elements b(j,m) is associated with each classification group A(j);
c(2). means controlled by the said comparison means for determining that classification group A(j) of the least possible order for which it holds that for each value of m the absolute value of y(m) is smaller than a(j,m);
c(3). means controlled by the elements b(j,m) of the bit-assignment group B(j) which is associated with the selected classification group A(j), for converting the absolute value of each of the coefficients y(m) into a coefficient code word z(m) which comprises a number of bits characterized by the element b(j,m);
(d) means for generating an order-code word R(j) which characterizes the order of the selected classification group A(j).

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

An arrangement as claimed in claim 2, in which the said transforming means comprises a first and a second auxiliary transformer, the output of the first auxiliary transformer being connected to the input of the second auxiliary transformer via a transposing circuit.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

An arrangement as claimed in claim 3, in which each auxiliary transformer is formed by a cascade arrangement of a number of auxiliary circuits, each comprising a cascade circuit of a number of delay lines the inputs and the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of an adder device by means of a switching arrangement controlled by a clock signal.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2, 3, 4)

An arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, in which the said comparison means comprises a priority encoding arrangement, as well as a memory for generating a number of N numbers d.sub.m wherein M=1, 2, . . . N, and adder means coupled to both the output of the priority encoding arrangement and the output of the memory.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

An arrangement as claimed in claim 5 in which for determining the classification group the output of the comparison means is connected to the input of a memory and to a first input of a comparison circuit to which also the contents of the memory is applied and the output of which is connected to the write input of the memory.

### Claim 7 (depends on 2)

An arrangement as claimed in claim 2 in which for determining the classification group the output of the comparison means is connected to the input of a memory and to a first input of a comparison circuit to which also the contents of the memory is applied and the output of which is connected to the write input of the memory.