# US 4,398,198 A · Pulse-hyperbolic location system using three passive beacon measurements > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,398,198 A - Document ID: US4398198A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/201,506 - Filed: 1980-10-28 - Granted: 1983-08-09 - Earliest claimed: 1980-10-28 - Assignees: Del Norte Technology, Inc. - Inventors: Paul K. Dano; Eric C. Ko - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4398198A ## CPC - G01S 1/24: the synchronised signals being pulses or equivalent modulations on carrier waves and the transit times being compared by measuring the difference in arrival time of a significant part of the modulations {, e.g. LORAN systems} - G01S 5/0273: {using multipath or indirect path propagation signals in position determination} - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES ## Abstract A radar system is used to locate a vehicle's position on a predetermined X, Y grid, which could be latitude and longitude. Several paths of different lengths link the vehicle with a master station which transmits cyclically recurring pulses. Equipment on the vehicle compares the propagation time required for the pulses to travel over each of the several paths. The compared times are then used by a microprocessor to calculate the position of the vehicle. The several paths are identified by a use of repeater stations which may selectively drop predetermined ones of the cyclically recurring pulses and retransmit the rest. For example, one repeater may retransmit every second recurring pulse and another repeater may retransmit every third recurring pulse. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A radio ranging and navigation system comprising a master station, a target station at an unknown location, and at least one repeater station at a separated location, whereby there are at least two separate paths between said master station and said target station, means at said master station for transmitting cyclically recurring pulses at basic system identifying repetition rates, and means at said repeater station for dropping some of said recurring pulses and retransmitting other of said recurring pulses, said retransmitted pulses having a pulse repetition rate which is a prime number multiple of said basic system identifying repetition rate. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The radio syatem of claim 1 wherein there are at least two of said repeater stations and at least three of said separate paths. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1, 2) The radio system of either claim 1 or claim 2 and antenna means at each of said stations for transmitting said pulses, each of said antenna means having a transmission or reception pattern which eliminates hypothetical target locations which appear responsive to a multiplicity of theoretical mathematical calculations based on the receipt of said pulses. ### Claim 4 A passive radio ranging system for locating a station at a target position and an unknown location, said system comprising a radio frequency pulse transmitter means at a first known location for periodically transmitting a discrete number of cyclic pulses recurring at a system identifying pulse repetition rate, at least one radio frequency pulse repeater means at another separated but known geographical location for receiving pulses which recur at said system identifying pulse repetition rate and for selectively dropping some and retransmitting other of said pulses, said stations being identified by the pulses which are dropped and those which are retransmitted by that station, and calculating means at said target position responsive to time differentials required to receive pulses from said first known location and said repeater means at said another location for calculating the location of said target means. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4 wherein each known location in said system is at a position identified by coordinates of a grid system, and said means for calculating said location comprises means for calculating the coordinates of said target in said grid system. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4 wherein each known location in said system is at a position identified by coordinates in a grid system, and said means for calculating said location comprises means for calculating said coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4 wherein each known location in said system is at a position identified by coordinates in a grid system, and said means for calculating said location comprises means for calculating said coordinates in terms of polar coordinates centered upon one of said positions. ### Claim 8 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4 wherein there are a plurality of said repeater means and each of said repeater means comprises an antenna coupled to means for steering received pulses through a logic system to a transmitter and said antenna. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8 wherein said logic system comprises means for accepting pulses from said steering means only during very narrow time defined acceptance windows centered upon the system identifying repetition rate of said radio frequency pulses. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8, 9) The system of claim 8 or claim 9 wherein said logic system comprises means for counting each of said radio frequency pulses, and means for selecting and retransmitting only those of the counted pulses which correspond to a predetermined count, the predetermined count being a prime number assigned to identify the repeater station where the counting occurs. ### Claim 11 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4 wherein said calculating means comprises means for measuring said time differential in terms of two periods, each of said periods beginning with a receipt at said target position of a radio frequency pulse transmitted by said pulse transmitter means at said recurring repetition rate, one of the two periods ending with the receipt of a selected one of said pulses retransmitted from one of said repeater stations, and the other of the two periods ending with the receipt of a selected one of said pulses retransmitted from the other of said repeater stations. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11 wherein said radio frequency pulse transmitter means comprises means for transmitting each of said pulses at a cyclically recurring interval which recurs at said system identifying repetition rate, said repetition rate defining a subframe, said station at said target position comprising means for picking up the same pulse receipt patterns after an occurrence of a predetermined number of subframes, said two selected pulses which end said two periods occurring in different subframes. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12 and means for generating very narrow time defined acceptance windows during which a pulse must be received by a station in order to be accepted as a valid station. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13 wherein each of said repeater stations comprising means for retransmitting pulses at intervals which are prime number multiples of said subframe repetition rate, each of said repeater stations being identified by a different prime number. ### Claim 15 A method of locating a point in a coordinate system defining a geographical area, the method comprising the steps of: (a) transmitting first identifiable pulses of radio frequency from one point over a direct path to a second point in said coordinate system, the receipt of said first pulse starting at least one time period measurement; (b) transmitting second, different, and independently identifiable pulses from said one point over a second, different, independent, and longer path to said second point, the receipt of said second pulse stopping said time period measurement; and (c) calculating the location of said second point by calculations based upon comparisons of said time period measurements. ### Claim 16 A method of locating a point in a coordinate system defining a geographical area, the method comprising the steps of: (a) transmitting first identifiable pulses of radio frequency from one point over a direct path to a second point in said coordinate system, the receipt of said first pulse starting at least one time period measurement; (b) transmitting second identifiable pulses from said one point over a second and longer path to said second point, the receipt of said second pulse stopping said time period measurement; (c) calculating the location of said second point by calculations based upon comparisons of said time period measurements wherein said identifiable pulses are different multiples of the same time base; and (d) calculating said multiples to place all of said pulses on the same time base. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15, 16) The method of claim 15 or claim 16 wherein there are at least two of said time period measurements and the added step of transmitting third identifiable pulses from said one point over a third path which is longer than said direct path and different from said second path, the receipt of said third of said pulses stopping a second of said time period measurements. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16 wherein the step of transmitting said first pulses over said direct path comprises transmitting said pulse with a pulser recurrence at a predetermined pulse repetition rate which define subframes and said second and third pulses do not occur in the same subframe. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18 wherein said steps of calculating comprise calculating said locations and said multiples using a programmable microprocessor. ### Claim 20 A radar location system comprising at least three stations transmitting and receiving on a particular frequency, means at a first of said stations for transmitting a first and continuous stream of pulses formed by interrupting said frequency at a cyclically recurring station identifying rate for an indefinite period of time during which said system is operating, means at a second of said stations responsive to the receipt of a predetermined number of pulses in said first continuous and indefinite stream of pulses for thereafter repeating pulses in said first stream by pulses by interrupting said frequency at a rate which identifies the second station, thereby forming a second stream of pulses lagging after said first stream of pulses by a time period at least partially reflecting the distance between said first and said second stations, and means at a third of said stations responsive jointly to the receipt of said first and second stream of pulses recurring at the rate which identifies the first station for calculating the location of said third station. ### Claim 21 A radar location system comprising at least three stations, means at a first of said stations for transmitting a first stream of pulses which recur at a station identifying rate, means at a second of said stations responsive to the receipt of a predetermined number of pulses in said first stream of pulses for thereafter repeating each pulse in said first stream of pulses, thereby forming a second stream of pulses lagging after said first stream of pulses by a time period at least partially reflecting the distance between said first and said second stations, means at a third of said stations responsive jointly to the receipt of said first and second stream of pulses for calculating the location of said third station, and means at said third station responsive to a receipt of less than said predetermined number of pulses in said first stream of pulses for generating cyclically recurring first window pulses coinciding with said first stream of pulses and ocurring at said station identifying rate, and means for rejecting any pulses which does not coincide with a corresponding one of said first window pulses. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20, 21) The radar location system of either claim 20 or claim 21 and means responsive to a receipt of a predetermined number of pulses in said second stream of pulses for generating a cyclically recurring window coinciding with said second stream of pulses and occurring at said station identifying rate, and means for rejecting any pulse which does not coincide with a corresponding one of said second window pulses.