# US 4,398,189 A · Line buffer system for displaying multiple images in a video game > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,398,189 A - Document ID: US4398189A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/294,438 - Filed: 1981-08-20 - Granted: 1983-08-09 - Earliest claimed: 1981-08-20 - Assignees: Bally Manufacturing Corporation - Inventors: John J. Pasierb, Jr.; Atish Ghosh - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4398189A ## CPC - A63F 13/00: Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions - A63F 13/44: involving timing of operations, e.g. performing an action within a time slot - G06T 15/80: Shading - G09G 5/42: characterised by the display of patterns using a display memory without fixed position correspondence between the display memory contents and the display position on the screen - A63F 13/25: Output arrangements for video game devices - A63F 2300/203: Image generating hardware - A63F: CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL - G09G: ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION (arrangements for transferring data between digital computers and displays G06F3/14; static indicating arrangements comprising an association of a number of separate sources or light control cells G09F9/00; static indicating arrangements comprising integral associations of a number of light sources H01J, H01K, H10H, H05B33/12; scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission, details thereof H04N1/00) ## Abstract A line buffer system can display a large number of objects and a background in connection with the play of a video-type game. The system may be used with a microprocessor. Game data is transmitted from the microprocessor during a brief "handshake" operation which may occur at any time. The game data specifies the objects and background to be presented and the screen location of each. The objects and background, respectively, are stored as rectangular blocks in two memories. At least two buffers are provided, each buffer capable of storing data to represent one line of the picture. The system operates upon the game data to load the buffers in real time during picture drawing and just prior to picture drawing. One buffer then outputs a data stream to provide real time control of the drawing of one line of a picture. A flip feature provides for inverting any object or an entire picture about a vertical or horizontal axis, or both. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A line buffer system for displaying a plurality of foreground objects and background on a monitor raster scan display screen used in a game to display a sequence of video pictures, each picture comprised of a plurality of parallel horizontal lines and each line being digitalized by division into adjacent pixels and each line being displayed on the display screen during active video scan, comprising: foreground memory means for storing object information in the form of blocks of digital data as foreground information in a foreground memory, each such block corresponding to a rectangular segment of the monitor screen displayable at a position on the screen that is selectable and changeable during the play of the game; background memory means for storing background information in the form of blocks of digital data in a background memory, such blocks corresponding to selectable and changeable rectangular locations on the monitor screen; buffer means; transfer means for transferring sufficient foreground information to comprise a horizontal line on the monitor screen from said foreground memory means to said buffer means during active video scan of a picture containing said line, but prior to the time active video scan of said line on the screen has begun; control means including means capable of controlling the intensity of the raster display in accordance with said data in said foreground memory means and said background memory means; and foreground output means for outputting said foreground information corresponding to said line from said buffer means in the form of a foreground data stream transmitted to said control means. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A line buffer system according to one of claim 1 wherein said foreground and background memory means are read only memories. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) A line buffer system according to claim 2 wherein said foreground read only memory has a capacity substantially equal to 4,096.times.32 bits. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) A line buffer system according to claim 2 wherein said background read only memory has a capacity substantially equal to 4,096.times.8 bits. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A line buffer system according to one of claim 1 and wherein said buffer means comprises a pair of random access memories, alternately refreshed by said transfer means. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A line buffer system according to claim 1 wherein said transfer means comprises: object means for storing object package information referring to objects in said foreground memory means; shift register means for transferring foreground data corresponding to said object package information from said foreground memory means to said buffer means; background means for storing background package information referring to blocks in said background memory means; background output means for transforming said background package information into a background data stream, wherein said background data stream comprises binary data for said line by reading said background package information from said background memory means during the display of said line. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A line buffer system according to claim 6 wherein said foreground output means includes multiplexers and timing signals for reading said foreground data stream out of said buffer means and for combining said foreground and background data streams into a single data stream, and means for applying said single data stream to said control means. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1, 6) A line buffer system according to one of claims 1 and 6 wherein said control means includes color RAM means addressed by the data in at least one of said data streams to provide an output representing color, converting means for converting digital data output from said color RAM to analogue signals, and means for controlling the color and intensity of pixels in the raster display in response to said output. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) A line buffer system according to one of claim 1 further characterized by picture flip means for inverting an entire picture with respect to one of a pair of axes parallel to and perpendicular to said horizontal lines. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) A line buffer system according to one of claim 1 further characterized by object flip means for inverting at least one object representation with respect to an axis. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) A line buffer system according to claim 6 wherein said transfer means includes: microprocessor means for generating said object package information; bus means connected to said microprocessor means for carrying said object package information; staging means, connectable to said bus means by said microprocessor means at random times during the display of a sequence of video pictures, for temporarily storing said object package information carried on said bus means; and moving means operably connected to said staging means and said object means for moving said object package information from said staging means to said object means without interfering with said microprocessor means generation of said object package information. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A line buffer system according to claim 11 wherein said moving means moves said object package information at substantially regular intervals during display of the sequence of video pictures. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A line buffer system according to claim 12 wherein the substantially regular intervals are spaced by approximately 1/30 of a second. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) A line buffer system according to claim 12 wherein said moving means moves said object package information during a time of the order of 500 .mu.secs. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) A line buffer system according to claim 11 wherein said moving means inhibits said microprocessor means from connecting said staging means to said bus means while moving said object package information from said staging means to said object means.