# US 4,398,061 A · Audio processing apparatus and method

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- Number: US 4,398,061 A
- Document ID: US4398061A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/304,839
- Filed: 1981-09-22
- Granted: 1983-08-09
- Earliest claimed: 1981-09-22
- Assignees: Thomson-CSF Broadcast, Inc.
- Inventors: Renville H. McMann, Jr.
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4398061A

## CPC

- H03G 3/001: {Digital control of analog signals}
- H03G: CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION

## Abstract

The disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for processing an input electronic audio signal to relatively attenuate portions thereof to prevent those portions from exceeding a predetermined threshold, while minimizing adverse effects, such as unnecessary attenuation, on other portions of the signal. A zero-crossing detector detects when the input signal crosses a predetermined zero reference level. A peak detector detects the peak of the input signal during a time interval defined by successive zero-crossings. An amplitude control signal is generated as a function of the detected peak. A delay circuit receives the input signal and generates a time delayed version of the input signal. Preferably, the delay circuit has a characteristic delay time that is of the order of the longest period of audio signal to be processed. Amplitude control means, responsive to the time delayed version of the input signal and also to the amplitude control signal, are provided for applying amplitude control during said time interval as it occurs in the time delayed version of the input signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

Apparatus for processing an input electronic audio signal, comprising:
zero-crossing detector means for detecting when said input signal crosses a predetermined zero reference level;
peak detector means for detecting the peak of said input signal during a time interval defined by successive zero crossings;
means responsive to the detected peak of said input signal during said interval for generating an amplitude control signal as a function of said peak;
delay means responsive to said input signal for generating a time delayed version of said input signal;
amplitude control means responsive to the time delayed version of said input signal and to said amplitude control signal for applying amplitude control to said time delayed version of said input signal during said time interval as it occurs in the time delayed version of said input signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

Apparatus as defined by claim 1 wherein said means for generating an amplitude control signal is operative to apply attenuation as a function of the degree by which said detected peak exceeds a predetermined threshold.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

Apparatus as defined by claim 1 wherein said time delayed version of said input signal is delayed with respect to said input signal by a time that is of the order of the period of the lowest frequency input signal to be processed.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

Apparatus as defined by claim 2 wherein said time delayed version of said input signal is delayed with respect to said input signal by a time that is of the order of the period of the lowest frequency input signal to be processed.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

Apparatus as defined by claim 1 further comprising means for storing all indications of zero-crossings and associated peaks which occur during each characteristic delay time of said delay means.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

Apparatus as defined by claim 2 further comprising means for storing all indications zero-crossings and associated peaks which occur during each characteristic delay time of said delay means.

### Claim 7 (depends on 3)

Apparatus as defined by claim 3 further comprising means for storing all indications of zero-crossings and associated peaks which occur during each characteristic delay time of said delay means.

### Claim 8 (depends on 4)

Apparatus as defined by claim 4 further comprising means for storing all indication of zero-crossings and associated peaks which occur during each characteristic delay time of said delay means.

### Claim 9 (depends on 5)

Apparatus as defined by claim 5 wherein said means for storing said indications of zero-crossings and peaks comprises a recirculating memory wherein the addresses of said memory are addressed once every characteristic delay time, and wherein each address corresponds to the time of a possible zero-crossing; and wherein the detected peak signal for each successive pair of zero-crossings is stored at the address corresponding to the first of said successive pair of zero crossings.

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

Apparatus as defined by claim 6 wherein said means for storing said indications of zero-crossings and peaks comprises a recirculating memory wherein the addresses of said memory are addressed once every characteristic delay time, and wherein each address corresponds to the time of a possible zero-crossing; and wherein the detected peak signal for each successive pair of zero-crossings is stored at the address corresponding to the first of said successive pair of zero crossings.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

Apparatus as defined by claim 7 wherein said means for storing said indications of zero-crossings and peaks comprises a recirculating memory wherein the addresses of said memory are addressed once every characteristic delay time, and wherein each address corresponds to the time of a possible zero-crossing; and wherein the detected peak signal for each successive pair of zero-crossings is stored at the address corresponding to the first of said successive pair of zero crossings.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

Apparatus as defined by claim 8 wherein said means for storing said indications of zero-crossings and peaks comprises a recirculating memory wherein the addresses of said memory are addressed once every characteristic delay time, and wherein each address corresponds to the time of a possible zero-crossing; and wherein the detected peak signal for each successive pair of zero-crossings is stored at the address corresponding to the first of said successive pair of zero crossings.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

Apparatus as defined by claim 9 wherein said means for generating said amplitude control signal includes means for sequencing through said recirculating memory and reading out the stored peaks associated with successive zero crossings, and means for producing said amplitude control signal in response to the read out stored peak.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

Apparatus as defined by claim 10 wherein said means for generating said amplitude control signal includes means for sequencing through said recirculating memory and reading out the stored peaks associated with successive zero crossings, and means for producing said amplitude control signal in response to the read out stored peak.

### Claim 15 (depends on 11)

Apparatus as defined by claim 11 wherein said means for generating said amplitude control signal includes means for sequencing through said recirculating memory and reading out the stored peaks associated with successive zero crossings, and means for producing said amplitude control signal in response to the read out stored peak.

### Claim 16 (depends on 12)

Apparatus as defined by claim 12 wherein said means for generating said amplitude control signal includes means for sequencing through said recirculating memory and reading out the stored peaks associated with successive zero crossings, and means for producing said amplitude control signal in response to the read out stored peak.

### Claim 17 (depends on 5)

Apparatus as defined by claim 5 wherein said detected peaks are stored only when they exceed a predetermined threshold.

### Claim 18 (depends on 9)

Apparatus as defined by claim 9 wherein said detected peaks are stored only when they exceed a predetermined threshold.

### Claim 19 (depends on 13)

Apparatus as defined by claim 13 wherein said detected peaks are stored only when they exceed a predetermined threshold.

### Claim 20 (depends on 16)

Apparatus as defined by claim 16 wherein said detected peaks are stored only when they exceed a predetermined threshold.

### Claim 21

A method for processing an input electronic audio signal, comprising the steps of:
detecting when said input signal crosses a predetermined zero reference level;
detecting the peak of said input signal during a time interval defined by successive zero crossings;
generating an amplitude control signal as a function of said peak;
generating a time delayed version of said input signal;
controlling, with said amplitude control signal, the amplitude of said time delayed version of said input signal during said time interval as it occurs in the time delayed version of said input signal.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The method as defined by claim 21 wherein said amplitude control step is operative to apply attenuation as a function of the degree by which said detected peak exceeds a predetermined threshold.

### Claim 23 (depends on 21)

The method as defined by claim 21 wherein said time delayed version of said input signal is delayed with respect to said input signal by a time that is of the order of the period of the lowest frequency input signal to be processed.

### Claim 24 (depends on 22)

The method as defined by claim 22 wherein said time delayed version of said input signal is delayed with respect to said input signal by a time that is of the order of the period of the lowest frequency input signal to be processed.

### Claim 25 (depends on 21)

The method as defined by claim 21 further comprising the steps of storing all indications of zero-crossings and associated peaks which occur during each characteristic delay time of said delay means.

### Claim 26 (depends on 22)

The method as defined by claim 22 further comprising the steps of storing indications all of zero-crossings and associated peaks which occur during each characteristic delay time of said delay means.

### Claim 27 (depends on 23)

The method as defined by claim 23 further comprising the steps of storing indications all of zero-crossings and associated peaks which occur during each characteristic delay time of said delay means.

### Claim 28 (depends on 24)

The method as defined by claim 24 further comprising the steps of storing indications all of zero-crossings and associated peaks which occur during each characteristic delay time of said delay means.

### Claim 29 (depends on 21)

The method as defined by claim 21 wherein said amplitude control is applied only when said peak exceeds a predetermined threshold.

### Claim 30 (depends on 22)

The method as defined by claim 22 wherein said amplitude control is applied only when said peak exceeds a predetermined threshold.

### Claim 31 (depends on 23)

The method as defined by claim 23 wherein said amplitude control is applied only when said peak exceeds a predetermined threshold.