# US 4,397,913 A · Starch-containing treating composition for glass fibers and treated glass fibers and strands

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- Number: US 4,397,913 A
- Document ID: US4397913A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/206,420
- Filed: 1980-11-13
- Granted: 1983-08-09
- Earliest claimed: 1980-11-13
- Assignees: PPG Industries, Inc.
- Inventors: Dennis M. Fahey
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4397913A

## CPC

- C03C 25/321: Starch; Starch derivatives
- Y10T 428/2922: Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
- Y10T 428/2933: Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T 428/2962: Silane, silicone or siloxane in coating
- Y10T 428/2964: Artificial fiber or filament
- Y10T 428/2971: Impregnation
- C03C: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

## Abstract

An aqueous sizing composition for treating glass fibers, the treated glass fiber strands and bulked yarn prepared from the treated glass fiber strands are provided to give treated glass fiber strands having an improved processability and characteristics in yarn bulking operations. The aqueous sizing composition has a modified starch that has Brabender values of gel temperature in the range of about 65.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. with values maximum viscosity in the range of about 500 B.U. to about 1200 B.U. for a 9.5 dry percent concentration or equivalent. The aqueous sizing composition also has nonionic lubricants, wax, emulsifiers, starch plasticizer, and ester-modified amino silane coupling agent and possibly a biocide and or fungicide and cationic lubricant for treating glass fibers. The aqueous sizing composition can also be used to treat glass fibers of fine diameter, where the aqueous sizing composition has the aforedescribed ingredients including a poly (ethylene oxide) friction reducing agent, cationic amphoteric or nonionic wetting agent, and a fluorochemical surfactant.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An aqueous bulking sizing composition for treating glass fibers during their formation to protect the fibers against interfilament abrasion when fibers are gathered into strands, to allow for facile removal of the strand or strands from supply packages to a bulking operation and to allow the fibers within the strand to become separated to a degree, when the strand or strands are subjected to the separating force of the bulking operation, comprising:
a. starch having Brabender values equivalent to gel temperature in the range of about 65.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. and maximum viscosity in the range of about 500 B.U. to about 1200 B.U. at a 9.5 dry solids percent concentration in an amount in the range of about 30 to about 60 weight percent of the nonaqueous components of the composition;
b. hydrogenated nonionic lubricant in the amount in the range of about 15 to about 36 weight percent of the nonaqueous components;
c. one or more waxes in an amount of about 3 to about 6 weight percent of the nonaqueous components,
d. one or more nonionic emulsifiers giving a total HLB in the range of about 8 to about 12 for emulsification of the nonionic lubricant;
e. a starch plasticizer in the amount of about 3 to about 6 weight percent of the nonaqueous components;
f. a cationic lubricant in the amount of about 7 to about 14 weight percent of the nonaqueous components;
g. one or more ester modified amino silane coupling agents in an amount of about 7 to about 15 weight percent of the nonaqueous components, and
h. an amount of water sufficient to yield a total solids for the composition in the range of about 1.5 to about 4 weight percent of the aqueous composition.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The aqueous treating composition of claim 1 which in addition has:
a. poly(ethylene oxide) friction reducing polymeric agent in the amount less than around 1 weight percent of the non-aqueous components of the sizing composition;
b. amphoteric, cationic, and/or nonionic surfactant in an amount less than 1 weight percent of the non-aqueous components of the composition; and
c. a fluorochemical surfactant in an amount less than one weight percent of the non-aqueous components of the sizing composition.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1, 2)

Aqueous treating composition of claim 1 or 2 wherein the starch is partially cooked at a temperature of about 235.degree. F. (113.degree. C.) to about 255.degree. F. (124.degree. C.) in a jet cooker.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1, 2)

Aqueous treating composition of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the starch has Brabender values at 9.5 percent solids concentration or equivalent of gel point in the range of about 86.degree. C. to 89.degree. C. with about maximum viscosity in the range of about 500 B.U. to about 750 B.U.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1, 2)

Aqueous treating composition of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the starch has Brabender values at 9.5 percent solids concentration or equivalent of gel point in the range of about 68.degree. C. to about 74.degree. C. with corresponding maximum viscosities in the range of about 800 to about 1200 B.U.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1, 2)

Aqueous treating composition of claim 1 or 2 wherein the hydrogenated nonionic lubricant is a partially or fully hydrogenated vegetable oil.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1, 2)

Aqueous treating composition of claim 1 or 2 wherein the cationic lubricant is an alkyl substituted imidazoline derivative.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1, 2)

Aqueous treating composition of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the amount of one or more nonionic emulsifiers is in the range of about 0.6 to about 1.2 weight percent of the nonaqueous components of the treating composition.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1, 2)

Aqueous treating composition of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the wax is paraffin wax.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1, 2)

Aqueous treating composition of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the starch plasticizer is glycerine.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1, 2)

Aqueous treating composition of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the ester modified amino-silane is methyl [2-(gamma-trimethoxysily-propyl amino) ethyl-amino] 3-propionate in methanol solvent.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1, 2)

Aqueous treating composition of claim 1 or claim 2 having an effective amount of fungicide or biocide.

### Claim 13 (depends on 2)

Aqueous treating solution of claim 2 wherein the poly(ethylene oxide) polymer has a molecular weight of around 4,000,000 and is present in an amount of about 0.14 to about 0.26 weight percent of the non-aqueous components of the composition.

### Claim 14 (depends on 2)

Aqueous treating solution of claim 2 wherein the cationic, amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant is a liquid amphoteric, oxyethylated sodium salt present in an amount in the range of about 0.07 to about 0.13 weight percent of the non-aqueous components of the treating composition.

### Claim 15 (depends on 2)

Aqueous treating solution of claim 2 wherein the fluorochemical surfactant is present in an amount of about 0.07 to about 0.13 weight percent based on the nonaqueous components of the composition.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1, 2)

Glass fiber strand or strands having the dried residue of the aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 or 2.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1, 2)

Glass fiber strand or strands of claim 1 or 2 having an amount of the dried residue in the range of about 0.3 to about 0.8 weight percent of the strand plus the coating.

### Claim 18 (depends on 2)

Glass fiber strand or strands having the dried residue of the aqueous sizing composition of claim 2 wherein the strand is comprised of glass fiber filaments having a filament diameter in the range of about 10.times.10.sup.-5 inches to about 40.times.10.sup.-5 inches.

### Claim 19

Bulked glass fiber strand yarn produced from one or more glass fiber strands having a dried residue of an aqueous treating composition, comprising:
a. starch having Brabender values equivalent to gel temperature in the range of about 65.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. and maximum viscosity in the range of about 500 B.U. to about 1200 B.U. at a 9.5 dry solids percent concentration in an amount in the range of about 30 to about 60 weight percent of the nonaqueous components of the composition;
b. hydrogenated nonionic lubricant in the amount in the range of about 15 to about 36 weight percent of the nonaqueous components;
c. one or more waxes in an amount of about 3 to about 6 weight percent of the nonaqueous components;
d. one or more nonionic emulsifiers giving a total HLB in the range of about 8 to about 12 for emulsification of the nonionic lubricant;
e. a starch plasticizer in the amout of about 3 to about 6 weight percent of the nonaqueous components;
f. a cationic lubricant in the amount of about 7 to about 14 weight percent of the nonaqueous components;
g. one or more ester modified amino silane coupling agents in an amount of about 7 to about 15 weight percent of the nonaqueous components, and
h. an amount of water sufficient to yield a total solids for the composition in the range of about 1.5 to about 4 weight percent of the aqueous composition.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

Bulked glass fiber strand yarn of claim 19 produced from one or more glass fiber strands supplied to the bulking operation from one or more forming packages.

### Claim 21 (depends on 16)

Bulked glass fiber strand yarn of claim 16 wherein one or more glass fiber strands used to produce the bulked glass fiber strand yarn is supplied from one or more bobbin.

### Claim 22 (depends on 19)

Bulked glass fiber yarn of claim 19 wherein the bulking is texturizing accomplished with the use of an air jet.

### Claim 23 (depends on 16)

Bulked glass fiber strand yarn of claim 16, wherein the aqueous treating composition has present:
a. poly(ethylene oxide) friction reducing polymeric agent in the amount less than around 1 weight percent of the nonaqueous components of the sizing composition;
b. amphoteric, cationic, and/or nonionic surfactant in an amount less than 1 weight percent of the nonaqueous components of the composition; and
c. a fluorochemical surfactant in an amount less than one weight percent of the nonaqueous components of the sizing composition.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

Bulked glass fiber strand yarn of claim 23, wherein the glass fiber strand or strands having the dried residue of the aqueous sizing composition are comprised of glass fiber filaments having a fiber diameter in the range of about 10.times.10.sup.-5 inch to about 40.times.10.sup.-5 inch.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

Bulked glass fiber yarn of claim 24, wherein the aqueous treating solution of the poly(ethylene oxide) polymer has a molecular weight of around 4,000,000 and is present in an amount of about 0.14 to about 0.26 weight percent of the nonaqueous components of the composition.

### Claim 26 (depends on 24)

Bulked glass fiber yarn of claim 24, wherein in the aqueous treating solution, the cationic, amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant is a liquid amphoteric, oxyethylated sodium salt present in an amount in the range of about 0.07 to about 0.13 weight percent of the nonaqueous components of the treating composition.

### Claim 27 (depends on 24)

Bulked glass fiber yarn of claim 24, wherein in the aqueous treating solution the fluorochemical surfactant is present in an amount of about 0.07 to about 0.13 weight percent based on the nonaqueous components of the composition.