# US 4,397,748 A · Treatment of sanitary sewer systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,397,748 A - Document ID: US4397748A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/320,447 - Filed: 1981-11-12 - Granted: 1983-08-09 - Earliest claimed: 1981-11-12 - Assignees: Marathon Oil Company - Inventors: Perry A. Argabright; John S. Rhudy - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4397748A ## CPC - C09K 3/00: Materials not provided for elsewhere - F17D 1/17: by mixing with another liquid {, i.e. diluting} - Y10T 137/0391: Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy - C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE - F17D: PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES (pumps or compressors F04; fluid dynamics F15D; valves or the like F16K; pipes, laying pipes, supports, joints, branches, repairing, work on the entire line, accessories F16L; steam traps or the like F16T; fluid-pressure electric cables H01B9/06) - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A method of reducing the fluid flow friction loss of fluid waste materials in the conduits of sanitary sewer systems while at the same time maintaining the solid materials in the fluid in a flowable condition by introducing into a sewer system about 1 to about 10,000 ppm of an aqueous solution of a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer having a preselected average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of reducing the fluid flow friction loss of fluid waste materials in the conduits of sanitary sewer systems while at the same time maintaining the solid materials in the fluid in a flowable condition, comprising: providing an aqueous polymer solution obtained by (1) polymerizing a dilute aqueous solution containing about 1% to about 8%, by weight, of a water soluble monomer in the presence of a polymerization initiator, the monomer being characterized in that it contains at least one vinyl grouping wherein the vinyl group is an acrylyl vinyl, a vinyl cyanide, a styryl vinyl, or a water soluble salt thereof, the polymerization initiator being present in a concentration such that the resulting polymer will have an average molecular weight in the range of about 2 million to about 15 million, and a molecular weight distribution of the order of about 0.02 to about 0.22 as determined by the ratio .sigma./M wherein .sigma. is the standard deviation of molecular weight of abundance of a molecular species present in the polymer and M is the average molecular weight of the polymer, to enable optimum reduction of the fluid flow friction loss to be achieved in the conduit of a sanitary sewer system; (2) adding a hydrolyzing agent to the dilute aqueous polymer solution in an amount sufficient to hydrolyze a portion only of the hydrolyzable functional groups comprising the polymer; and admixing about 1 to about 10,000 ppm of the resulting aqueous solution of the partially hydrolyzed polymer with the fluid waste materials in a conduit of a sewer system to provide optimum reduction of the fluid flow friction loss of the fluid waste materials in the conduit while at the same time maintaining the solids in the fluid waste materials in an easily flowable condition. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein the polymer is a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) A method according to claim 2 wherein from about 5 to about 50 mole percent of the amide groups of the polyacrylamide are hydrolyzed. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A method according to claim 1 wherein the polymer is admixed with the fluid waste materials in the form of an aqueous solution comprising from about 5 to about 500 ppm of the polymer. ### Claim 5 A method of reducing the fluid flow friction loss of fluid waste materials in the conduits of sanitary sewer systems while at the same time maintaining the solid materials in the fluid in a flowable condition, comprising: providing an aqueous polymer solution obtained by (1) polymerizing a dilute aqueous solution of a water soluble monomer in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, the monomer being characterized in that it contains at least one vinyl grouping wherein the vinyl group is an acrylyl vinyl, a vinyl cyanide, a styryl vinyl or a water soluble salt thereof, the concentration of the monomer in the solution being from about 1% to about 8%, by weight, the proportion of catalyst present being regulated during polymerization to provide a polymer having an average molecular weight in the range of about 2 million to about 15 million, and a molecular weight distribution of the order of about 0.02 to about 0.22 as determined by the ratio .sigma./M wherein .sigma. is the standard deviation of molecular weight of abundance of a molecular species present in the polymer and M is the average molecular weight of the polymer, to provide optimum reduction of fluid flow friction loss in the conduits of said sewer system; (2) contacting the resulting polymer with a hydrolyzing agent in the form of a monovalent base in an amount to effect partial hydrolyzation of the hydrolyzable functional groups comprising the polymer while maintaining the average molecular and molecular weight distribution of the polymer; and admixing about 1 to about 10,000 ppm of the resulting aqueous solution of the partially hydrolyzed polymer with the fluid waste materials in a conduit of a sewer system, to provide optimum reduction in fluid flow friction loss while at the same time functioning as a flocculating agent for the solids in the fluid waste materials. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5 wherein the polymer is a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A method according to claim 6 wherein about 30 mole percent of the amide groups of the polyacrylamide are hydrolyzed. ### Claim 8 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5 wherein the polymer is present in an amount of from about 5 to 500 ppm in the fluid waste materials in the conduit. ### Claim 9 (depends on 5) A method according to claim 5 wherein the monomer is a member of the group consisting of acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, methacrylamide, methacrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and alkali metal styrene sulfonates.