# US 4,397,654 A · Copper catalyst for fuels

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- Number: US 4,397,654 A
- Document ID: US4397654A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/304,990
- Filed: 1981-09-04
- Granted: 1983-08-09
- Earliest claimed: 1981-09-04
- Assignees: XRG International, Inc.
- Inventors: Rien 'T Hart
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4397654A

## CPC

- C10L 1/10: containing additives
- C10L 1/1275: {sulfur, tellurium, selenium containing compounds}
- C10L 1/1608: {Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene}
- C10L 1/1616: {fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine}
- C10L 1/1822: {hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms}
- C10L 1/2222: {(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates (C10L1/221 takes precedence)}
- C10L 1/231: {nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites (C10L1/221 takes precedence)}
- F02B 3/06: with compression ignition (compression ignition engines using air or gas for blowing fuel into compressed air in cylinder F02B13/02)
- C10L: FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- F02B: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G)

## Abstract

This invention pertains to an improved energy-saving fuel additive for jet engines, gasoline and diesel engines, including additions to domestic heating and light industrial oils (#2 and #3) and residual or bunker fuel (#4, #5, and #6), which comprises as active ingredients a catalytic mixture of a major proportion of picric acid and a minor proportion of cupric sulfate. ______________________________________ Cupric sulfate .01-.03% Picric acid 1-2% Methanol 35-50% Isopropyl alcohol 15-5% Toluene 43-48% Nitrobenzene .6-1.0% Primene 81R .5-1.0% ______________________________________ Additional variations include (1) the replacement of the toluene with about 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol for toxicity reasons and (2) replacement of the toluene with 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene as a cost-reducing factor. A preferred additive is: ______________________________________ Cupric sulfate .02% Picric acid 1.54% Methanol 35% Isopropyl alcohol 15% Toluene 48.3% Nitrobenzene .8% Primene 81R .05% ______________________________________

## Claims

### Claim 1

A fuel additive for jet, internal combustion, and diesel engines comprising an active ingredient formulation of a mixture of picric acid and cupric sulfate in a relationship of about 0.01 to 0.75-1.0 cupric sulfate to picric acid by weight percent in a mixed solvent of methanol, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, nitrobenzene, and a tertiary alkyl amine which is a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R.sub.1 (R.sub.2)(R.sub.3)CNH.sub.2.

### Claim 2

An additive comprising the following make up:
______________________________________ Cupric sulfate .01-.03% Picric acid 1-2% Methanol 35-50% Isopropyl alcohol 15-5% Toluene 43-48% Nitrobenzene .6-1.0% Tertiary alkyl .5-1.0% amine which is a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R.sub.1 (R.sub.2)(R.sub.3)CNH.sub.2 ______________________________________

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The additive according to claim 2 wherein the cupric sulfate is utilized with a solvent of about 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol in place of toluene to lessen toxicity.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The additive according to claim 2 wherein a combination solvent of 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene replaces the toluene.

### Claim 5

A method of utilizing a fuel additive for jet, internal combustion, and diesel engines comprising an active ingredient formulation of a mixture of picric acid and cupric sulfate in a relationship of about 0.01 to 0.75-1.0 cupric sulfate to picric acid by weight percent in a mixed solvent of methanol, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, nitrobenzene, and a tertiary alkyl amine which is a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R.sub.1 (R.sub.2)(R.sub.3)CNH.sub.2.

### Claim 6

In a method for utilizing a fuel additive for jet, internal combustion, and diesel engines which compresses the step of utilizing an active ingredient formulation of a mixture of picric acid and cupric sulfate in a relationship of about 0.01 to 0.75-1.0 cupric sulfate to picric acid by weight percent in a mixed solvent of methanol, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, nitrobenzene, and a tertiary alkyl amine which is a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R.sub.1 (R.sub.2)(R.sub.3)CNH.sub.2.

### Claim 7

A method for utilizing an additive for jet, internal combustion, and diesel engines which comprises utilizing a composition as follows:
______________________________________ Cupric sulfate .01-.03% Picric acid 1-2% Methanol 35-50% Isopropyl alcohol 15-5% Toluene 43-48% Nitrobenzene .6-1.0% Tertiary alkyl .5-1.0% amine which is a cross of primary aliphatic amines of the general formula R.sub.1 (R.sub.2)(R.sub.3)CNH.sub.2 ______________________________________

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method according to claim 7 wherein the cupric sulfate is utilized with a solvent of about 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol in substitution of toluene and to lessen toxicity.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method according to claim 7 wherein there is utilized a combination solvent of about 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene in substitution of toluene.