# US 4,397,184 A · Method and apparatus for testing xerographic developer mix > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,397,184 A - Document ID: US4397184A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/310,579 - Filed: 1981-10-09 - Granted: 1983-08-09 - Earliest claimed: 1981-10-09 - Assignees: International Business Machines Corporation - Inventors: Neil R. Bankert; Steven R. Heyer; Lawrence Viele, Jr. - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4397184A ## CPC - G01N 27/60: by investigating electrostatic variables {, e.g. electrographic flaw testing (G01N27/007 takes precedence)} - G03G 15/0848: {Arrangements for testing or measuring developer properties or quality, e.g. charge, size, flowability} - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) - G03G: ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY ## Abstract Xerographic toner and carrier are analyzed by placing a sample thereof in a closed container, the container having upper and lower nonmagnetic and electrically conductive flat plates separated by nonmagnetic and electrically nonconductive walls, and subjecting the container to a vibratory force, while a voltage simulating an electrostatic image is applied to one plate, and while the charge associate with the other plate is monitored. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Apparatus for measuring the operational characteristics of a mixture of xerographic toner and carrier, comprising: a substantially closed container having a first electrically conductive electrode and a second electrically conductive electrode joined by electrically insulating walls, said container being adapted to hold a sample mixture of the toner and carrier; vibratory means associated with said container operable to cause the toner and carrier within said container to alternately impact said first and second electrodes; a source of direct current voltage connected to one of said electrodes operable to establish an analog of an electrostatic latent image to be developed by the toner; and a charge measuring means connected to the other of said electrodes. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus defined in claim 1 including means synchronizing said vibratory means and said measuring means such that said measuring means is operable only when the mixture would be resident at said other electrode. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein said vibratory means comprises electromagnetic means, and said electrodes and walls are nonmagnetic. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The apparatus defined in claim 3 wherein said electromagnetic means cooperates with said container in a manner to restrict the mixture's vibratory force to a zone which does not appreciably include said walls. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3, 4) The apparatus defined in claim 3 or 4 including means synchronizing energization of said electromagnetic means and said measuring means such that said measuring means is operable only when the mixture is resident at said other electrode. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3, 4) The apparatus of claim 3 or 4 including means synchronizing energization of said electromagnetic means and said measuring means such that said measuring means is operable only when the mixture is resident at said other electrode, and means operable to insure that interruption of energization of said electromagnetic means occurs only when the mixture is resident at said other electrode. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) Apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein said charge measuring means includes a first and a second signal sampling means, and means synchronizing operation of said vibratory means to operation of said first and second sampling means such that said first sampling means is operative when the mixture arrives at said other electrode, and said second sampling means is operative when the mixture subsequently leaves said other electrode. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus defined in claim 7 wherein said vibratory means comprises electromagnetic means, and said electrodes and walls are nonmagnetic. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said electromagnetic means cooperates with said container in a manner to restrict the mixture's vibratory force to a volumetric zone which does not appreciably include said walls. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said charge measuring means includes charge integrating means. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus defined in claim 10 wherein said vibratory means comprises electromagnetic means, and said electrodes and walls are nonmagnetic. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus defined in claim 11 wherein said electromagnetic means cooperates with said container in a manner to restrict the mixtures vibratory force to a zone which does not include said walls. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) The apparatus of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 wherein said first and second electrodes are substantially flat and are oriented horizontally when in use, and wherein said first electrode is located above said second electrode. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said charge measuring means includes a resettable integrating amplifier, and a first and a second signal sampling means to respectively sample and hold the output of said integrating amplifier, and means synchronizing operation of both of said sampling means and resetting of said integrating amplifier to operation of said vibratory means, such that said first sampling means is operative when the mixture arrives at said other electrode, said integrating amplifier is thereafter reset, said second sampling means is thereafter operative when the mixture later leaves said other electrode, and said integrating amplifier is thereafter again reset. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The apparatus defined in claim 14 wherein said vibratory means comprises electromagnetic means, and said electrodes and walls are nonmagnetic. ### Claim 16 A method for analyzing the operational characteristics of a mixture of xerographic nonmagnetic toner and magnetic carrier, comprising the steps of: placing a sample mixture in a nonmagnetic, substantially closed container having oppositely disposed electrically conductive flat plates; simulating an electrostatic latent image to be xerographically developed by connecting a DC voltage to one of said plates; subjecting said container to a vibratory force simulating operation of the developer station of a xerographic device; and monitoring the resulting charge associated with the other of said plates. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method defined in claim 16 including the step of providing an electromagnetic vibratory force which confines vibration of said sample mixture to a volumetric zone which includes only the conductive plates of said container. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16, 17) The method defined in claim 16 or 17 including the step of maintaining the plates of said container horizontal, with said one plate disposed above said other plate.