# US 4,397,181 A · Method for determining fluid saturation in a subsurface formation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,397,181 A - Document ID: US4397181A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/295,058 - Filed: 1981-08-21 - Granted: 1983-08-09 - Earliest claimed: 1981-08-21 - Assignees: Mobil Oil Corporation - Inventors: Richard L. Caldwell - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4397181A ## CPC - E21B 49/00: Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells - G01V 7/00: Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting - G01V 11/00: Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00 - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS - G01V: GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS (means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons A63B29/02) ## Abstract A subsurface formation surrounding a borehole is flushed with at least one fluid having a density difference from that of the water content of the formation. Borehole gravity logs are recorded. Porosity is also recorded. From the density, gravity and porosity indications, water and oil saturation of the formation is determined. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for carrying out a log-inject-log operation in a formation surrounding a borehole having a drilling fluid invasion zone immediately surrounding the borehole, comprising the steps of: (a) flushing said formation to an extended distance beyond the drilling fluid invasion zone surrounding said borehole with a first fluid having a density greater than that of the water present in said formation, (b) recording a first borehole gravity log of said flushed formation, (c) flushing said formation to said extended distance beyond the drilling fluid invasion zone surrounding said borehole with a second fluid having a density greater than that of the water present in said formation and differing from that of said first fluid, and (d) recording a second borehole gravity log of said flushed formation. ### Claim 2 A method for determining the fluid saturation condition of a subsurface formation surrounding a borehole, and having a drilling fluid invasion zone immediately surrounding the borehole comprising the steps of: (a) flushing said formation beyond said drilling fluid invasion zone with a first fluid of known density (.rho..sub.w1,), (b) recording a first borehole gravity log (.rho..sub.b1) of the flushed formation, (c) flushing said formation beyond said drilling fluid invasion zone with a second fluid of known density (.rho..sub.w2) differing from the density of said first fluid, (d) recording a second borehole gravity log (.rho..sub.b2) of the flushed formation, (e) recording the porosity (.phi.) of said subsurface formation, and (f) determining water saturation (S.sub.w) in accordance with the following expression: S.sub.w =(.rho..sub.b1 -.rho..sub.b2)/.phi.(.rho..sub.w1 -.rho..sub.w2), whereby the influence of the drilling fluid invasion immediately surrounding the borehole on the water saturation determination is minimized. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2 wherein said first and second fluids are brines with salt content so as to yield a higher density fluid than the existing water content of the formation. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2 wherein said first and second fluids are immiscible hydrocarbons which do not affect the oil in place in the formation. ### Claim 5 A method for carrying out a log-inject-log operation in a formation of known water density surrounding a borehole, comprising the steps of: (a) recording a first borehole gravity log of said formation, (b) flushing said formation at least to the depth of investigation of said borehole gravity log with a fluid having a density differing from that of the water present in said formation, and (c) recording a second borehole gravity log of said flushed formation. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5 wherein said fluid is a brine with salt content so as to yield a higher density fluid than the existing water content of the formation. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5 wherein said fluid is an immiscible hydrocarbon which does not affect the oil in place in the formation. ### Claim 8 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5 wherein said depth of investigation is in the order of tens of feet. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8 wherein said depth of investigation is in the order of 100 feet. ### Claim 10 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5 wherein the depth of investigation is in the order of five times the distance between depth measurement points for the recordings of said first and second borehole gravity logs. ### Claim 11 A method for carrying out a log-inject-log operation in a subsurface formation surrounding a borehole, comprising the steps of: (a) recording the pore water density of said subsurface formation, (b) recording the porosity of said subsurface formation, (c) recording a first borehole gravity log of said formation, (d) flushing said formation at least to the depth of investigation of said first borehole gravity log with a fluid having a density greater than said pore water density, (e) recording a second borehole gravity log of said first formation, and (f) determining water saturation from said density recordings, said borehole gravity log recordings and said porosity recording.