# US 4,397,176 A · Internal combustion engine knocking sensor arrangement > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,397,176 A - Document ID: US4397176A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/237,106 - Filed: 1981-02-23 - Granted: 1983-08-09 - Earliest claimed: 1980-02-22 - Assignees: Robert Bosch GmbH - Inventors: Siegfried Rohde; Jorg Bonitz; Robert Entenmann; Rochus Knab; Herbert Schramm; Gunther Schmidt - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4397176A ## CPC - G01K 7/00: Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat (giving results other than momentary value of temperature G01K3/00) {; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements} - G01K 1/14: Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations - G01K 5/02: the material being a liquid (contained in a hollow body having parts which are deformable or displaceable under the pressure developed by the material G01K5/32) - G01L 23/221: {for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines} - F02B 1/04: with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder - G01K: MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (radiation pyrometry G01J5/00) - G01L: MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (weighing G01G) - F02B: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G) ## Abstract One or more temperature sensing elements, for example thermo couples (13, 14, 16, 17), NTC or PTC or resistance wires (18) or capillary fluid temperature sensor elements (20, 21) are located on or in the immediate vicinity of a portion of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, for example and preferably by being integrated within a head liner or facing (15, 15') of the cylinder head gasket or seal (10). The output signals, in electrical or hydraulic form are connected to an evaluation stage (E, E') which determines if the temperature within the cylinder, representative of knocking, has exceeded a predetermined level. Preferably, a speed signal (n) is derived from the engine so that the signals from the sensing elements can be strobed with respect to the time within the engine cycle during which ignition may or is intended to occur so that temperature variations due to normal engine operating strokes are eliminated from the systems output. ## Claims ### Claim 1 For combination with an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder defining a combustion chamber and a cylinder head seal, sealing the cylinder head, an engine knock sensor having a temperature sensing element located in the wall of the at least one cylinder, and providing an output signal representative of temperature at, or in the vicinity of the engine cylinder wall; connection means connected to the sensing element and conducting said output signal externally of the cylinder; and an evaluation stage (E, E') connected to said connection means and responsive to and controlled by the output signal and providing an indication when the temperature of the cylinder wall exceeds a predetermined limit, wherein the temperature sensing element is a thermo couple (16, 17); the cylinder head seal includes a metal liner (15); and the thermo couple is welded to the metal liner. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) Sensor according to claim 1, including a head seal or gasket supporting said sensing element and said connection means; and wherein said connection means comprise connecting wire lines which are placed in or on said seal or gasket in undulating or wave form to provide for stress-free connection to said evaluation stage under conditions of differential thermal expansion of the liner and said head seal or gasket. ### Claim 3 For combination with an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder defining a combustion chamber and a cylinder head seal, sealing the cylinder head, an engine knock sensor having a temperature sensing element located in the wall of the at least one cylinder, and providing an output signal representative of temperature at, or in the vicinity of the engine cylinder wall; connection means connected to the sensing element and conducting said output signal externally of the cylinder; and an evaluation stage (E, E') connected to said connection means and responsive to and controlled by the output signal and providing an indication when the temperature of the cylinder wall exceeds a predetermined limit, wherein the temperature sensing element is a thermo couple (16, 17); the cylinder head seal includes a metal liner (15); and the thermo couple is secured to the wall surface (12) of the metal liner (15) facing the combustion chamber and flush therewith. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) Sensor according to claim 3, including a head seal or gasket supporting said sensing element and said connection means; and wherein said connection means comprise connecting wire lines which are placed in or on said seal or gasket in undulating or wave form to provide for stress-free connection to said evaluation stage under conditions of differential thermal expansion of the liner and said head seal or gasket. ### Claim 5 For combination with an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder defining a combustion chamber and a cylinder head seal, sealing the cylinder head, an engine knock sensor having a temperature sensing element located in the wall of the at least one cylinder, and providing an output signal representative of temperature at, or in the vicinity of the engine cylinder wall; connection means connected to the sensing element and conducting said output signal externally of the cylinder; and an evaluation stage (E, E') connected to said connection means and responsive to and controlled by the output signal and providing an indication when the temperature of the cylinder wall exceeds a predetermined limit, wherein the temperature sensing element is a thermo couple (16, 17); the cylinder head seal includes a cylinder head gasket having a metal facing or liner (15, 110), said metal facing or liner forming one element of the thermo couple. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) Sensor according to claim 5, including a head seal or gasket supporting said sensing element and said connection means; and wherein said connection means comprise connecting wire lines which are placed in or on said seal or gasket in undulating or wave form to provide for stress-free connection to said evaluation stage under conditions of differential thermal expansion of the liner and said head seal or gasket. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) Sensor according to claim 5, wherein the gasket comprises the combination of a non-metallic element (10) and a metal surface liner (110); and the edge facing (115) is applied to the edge of the non-metallic element liner combination, the edge facing being exposed to the combustion chamber (11) of the engine, said surface liner (110) and said edge facing (115) being of different metals and forming the thermo couple and being, respectively, connected to said connection means. ### Claim 8 For combination with an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder defining a combustion chamber and a cylinder head seal, sealing the cylinder head, an engine knock sensor having a temperature sensing element located in the wall of the at least one cylinder, and providing an output signal representative of temperature at, or in the vicinity of the engine cylinder wall; connection means connected to the sensing element and conducting said output signal externally of the cylinder; an an evaluation stage (E, E') connected to said connection means and responsive to and controlled by the output signal and providing an indication when the temperature of the cylinder wall exceeds a predetermined limit, wherein the sensing element comprises an electrical resistance wire element (18) having a temperature coefficient of resistance other than unity, secured to the cylinder head seal, in thermal sensing relation to the cylinder head wall and is positioned adjacent the edge of the cylinder head seal which faces the cylinder head wall at the side of the combustion chamber. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) Sensor according to claim 8, including a head seal or gasket supporting said sensing element and said connection means; and wherein said connection means comprise connecting wire lines which are placed in or on said seal or gasket in undulating or wave form to provide for stress-free connection to said evaluation stage under conditions of differential thermal expansion of the liner and said head seal or gasket. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) Sensor according to claim 8, wherein said cylinder head seal (10) includes a cylinder head gasket (10), said resistance element (18) being embedded within said cylinder head gasket. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) Sensor according to claim 8, wherein said cylinder head seal (10) includes a metal liner (15); and said resistance wire element (18) is located within said cylinder head seal facing and in thermal sensing relation with respect to the temperature thereof. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) Sensor according to claim 8, wherein said cylinder head seal (10) includes a metal facing liner (15) which is positioned to face the combustion chamber (11) of the engine; and wherein said resistance wire element is secured in said liner (15) flush with the wall surface (12) of said liner facing the combustion chamber. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) Sensor according to claim 8, wherein said resistance wire element (18) is positioned in circular or ring form surrounding the combustion chamber of the engine. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) Sensor according to claim 8, wherein the cylinder head seal (10) includes a solid gasket element (10) and a hollow metal facing or liner (15) surrounding, with clearance space, the edge of the solid gasket element; and said resistance wire element (18) is located within the clearance space. ### Claim 15 (depends on 8) Sensor according to claim 8, wherein said cylinder head seal (10) includes a solid gasket element (10) and a solid metal facing or liner (15'); and said resistance wire element (18) is embedded in said solid metal facing or liner. ### Claim 16 For combination with an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder defining a combustion chamber and a cylinder head seal, sealing the cylinder head, an engine knock sensor having a temperature sensing element located in the wall of the at least one cylinder, and providing an output signal representative of temperature at, or in the vicinity of the engine cylinder wall; connection means connected to the sensing element and conducting said output signal externally of the cylinder; and an evaluation stage (E, E') connected to said connection means and responsive to and controlled by the output signal and providing an indication when the temperature of the cylinder wall exceeds a predetermined limit, wherein the temperature sensing element comprises a capillary tube enclosing a temperature sensitive liquid, the capillary tube surrounding the combustion chamber (11) in ring form. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) Sensor according to claim 16, including a head seal or gasket supporting said sensing element and said connection means; and wherein said connection means are placed in or on said seal or gasket in undulating or wave form to provide for stress-free connection to said evaluation stage under conditions of differential thermal expansion of the liner and said head seal or gasket. ### Claim 18 For combination with an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder defining a combustion chamber and a cylinder head seal, sealing the cylinder head, an engine knock sensor having a temperature sensing element located in the wall of the at least one cylinder, and providing an output signal representative of temperature at, or in the vicinity of the engine cylinder wall; connection means connected to the sensing element and conducting said output signal externally of the cylinder; and an evaluation stage (E, E') connected to said connection means and responsive to and controlled by the output signal and providing an indication when the temperature of the cylinder wall exceeds a predetermined limit, wherein the cylinder head seal (10) includes a solid gasket element (10) and a hollow metal facing or liner (15) surrounding, with clearance space, the edge of the solid gasket element; and said temperature sensing element (16, 17; 18; 20, 21) is located within said clearance space. ### Claim 19 For combination with an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder defining a combustion chamber and a cylinder head seal, sealing the cylinder head, an engine knock sensor having a temperature sensing element located in the wall of the at least one cylinder, and providing an output signal representative of temperature at, or in the vicinity of the engine cylinder wall; connection means connected to the sensing element and conducting said output signal externally of the cylinder; and an evaluation stage (E, E') connected to said connection means and responsive to and controlled by the output signal and providing an indication when the temperature of the cylinder wall exceeds a predetermined limit, wherein the cylinder head seal (10) includes a solid gasket element (10) and a metal facing or liner; and said temperature sensing element is positioned in temperature sensing relationship with said liner at a region thereof remote from the wall surface (12) of said liner facing the combustion chamber of the at least one cylinder. ### Claim 20 For combination with an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder defining a combustion chamber and a cylinder head seal, sealing the cylinder head, an engine knock sensor having a temperature sensing element located in the wall of the at least one cylinder, and providing an output signal representative of temperature at, or in the vicinity of the engine cylinder wall; connection means connected to the sensing element and conducting said output signal externally of the cylinder; and an evaluation stage (E, E') connected to said connection means and responsive to and controlled by the output signal and providing an indication when the temperature of the cylinder wall exceeds a predetermined limit, wherein the cylinder head seal (10) includes a gasket element (10); and the temperature sensing element is embedded within said gasket element in a region in the vicinity of the combustion chamber of the at least one cylinder.