# US 4,396,884 A · Ultra slow speed tachometer

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- Number: US 4,396,884 A
- Document ID: US4396884A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/221,300
- Filed: 1980-12-30
- Granted: 1983-08-02
- Earliest claimed: 1980-12-30
- Inventors: David C. Toalson
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4396884A

## CPC

- G01P 3/48: by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage {(in general G01R23/00)}
- G01P: MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT (measuring or recording blood flow A61B5/02, A61B8/06; monitoring speed or deceleration of electrically-propelled vehicles B60L3/00; vehicle lighting systems adapted to indicate speed B60Q1/54; determining position or course in navigation, measuring ground distance in geodesy or surveying G01C; combined measuring devices for measuring two or more variables of movement G01C23/00; measuring velocity of sound G01H; measuring velocity of light G01J7/00; measuring direction or velocity of solid objects by reception or emission of radiowaves or other waves and based on propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, direction of propagation, G01S; measuring speed of nuclear radiation G01T; measuring acceleration of gravity G01V; {measuring or recording the speed of trains B61L23/00; speed indicators incorporated in motor vehicles B60K35/00; measuring frequency or phase G01R; traffic control G08G})

## Abstract

In order to develop a suitable analogous voltage to the speed of operation of slow moving machinery having cyclical characteristics, the instant invention provides means for generation of a repetitive electrical input signal for each revolution of cycle of machine operation. The time between repetitions of the input signal is measured, the reciprocal of the elapsed time between cycles or revolutions is calculated, appropriately scaled, and presented as a voltage analog which is proportional to the speed at which the machinery operates. This voltage analog signal may be utilized in conjunction with analog or digital totalizing circuitry to provide totalized signals that may be used to identify the point at which preventative maintenance should be conducted.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A tachometer for providing accurate tachometry of ultra slow speed moving machinery and providing electrical signals representative of machine movement, said tachometer comprising:
(a) signal conditioning circuit means receiving an input signal wave-form signal of oscillating nature and converting the input signal to a square wave signal having a frequency that is identical with the frequency of the input signal;
(b) sample pulse generating circuit means receiving said square wave signal and producing a sample pulse train having pulses of fixed length and amplitude for each negative-going transition of said square wave;
(c) sample/hold circuit means receiving said sample pulse train and having a "sample" mode and "hold" mode and being capable of sampling an analog signal when in the "sample" mode and holding the last sampled signal level at the output when in said "hold" mode;
(d) reset generator circuit means receiving said sample pulse train and producing a reset pulse of fixed duration and amplitude during each negative-going transition of said sample pulse;
(e) ramp generator circuit means being an operational amplifier integrator capacitor circuit having a transistor switch to discharge said integrating capacitor; said ramp generator circuit means receiving said reset pulse and producing a linear time ramp voltage when said reset pulse is inactive (high) and resetting said ramp voltage to zero when said reset pulse is active (low); and
(f) reciprocator circuit means receiving said voltage ramp and producing a reciprocator output voltage being a reciprocal mathematical voltage varying as the reciprocal of said voltage ramp, said reciprocator output being an analog signal applied to said sample/hold circuit means, said analog signal being linearly proportional the speed of said machine.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein:
said reciprocator means maintains the fundamental physical relationship:
V=s/t
where:
V=velocity (speed or machine RFM)
s=Distance (A constant for reciprocating machinery)
t=time elapsed (as measured by said ramp generator means)
and said reciprocator means produces an analog voltage output which at any given time is a function of the velocity of said machine.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

An apparaus as recited in claim 1, including:
missing pulse detector circuit means for receiving output pulses of said sample pulse generator circuit means and developing an output pulse set to a period corresponding to a predetermined number of machine cycles at full speed operation, said missing pulse detector circuit means being retriggered by said pulses of said sample pulse detector circuit means and, when retriggering does not occur for said predetermined period, said missing pulse detector circuit means transmitting a signal to said sample/hold circuit means overriding the "hold" command thereof and placing said sample/hold circuit means continuously in said "sample" mode until a subsequent retriggering pulse is received by said missing pulse detector "circuit" means.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

An apparatus of claim 3, wherein said missing pulse detector circuit means comprises:
a retriggerable monostable multivibrator circuit having means for setting the time period of the output pulse thereof in accordance with machine operation.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

A tachometer is recited in claim 1, wherein said signal conditioning means comprises:
a voltage comparitor circuit having hysteresis.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said sample pulse generator circuit means comprises:
a monostable multivibrator circuit.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said sample/hold circuit means comprises:
a sample and hold amplifier circuit.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said reset generator circuit means comprises:
a nomostable multivibrator circuit.

### Claim 9

Electronic tachometer circuitry for measuring the speed of ultra slow speed moving machinery, comprising:
(a) means for detecting machine movement and generating square wave sample pulses representative of the speed of machine movement;
(b) reset pulse generator means receiving said sample pulses and generator reset pulses of fixed duration and amplitude for each negative-going transition of said sample pulses, said reset pulses differing from said sample pulses only in time domain;
(c) ramp generator circuit means receiving said reset pulses and generating a linear time voltage ramp representing the elapsed time between cycles of machine operation detected, said ramp generator circuit being an operational amplifier integrating capacitor circuit having a transistor switch to charge said integrating capacitor, said integrating capacitor being charged by a constant current source producing said linear time voltage ramp;
(d) reciprocator circuit means receiving said linear time voltage ramp and generating an analog output representing the reciprocal thereof and which is linearly proportional to the speed of the moving machinery; and
(e) sample/hold circuit means receiving said sample pulses and also receiving said reciprocal of said linear time ramp voltage and calculating a voltage analog which is proportional to the elapsed time between cycles of machine operation, thus representing the speed of machine operation, said sample/hold circuit means sampling said sample pulses when in the sample mode and holding the instantly sampled amplitude at its output during the hold mode thereof.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

A tachometer as recited in claim 9, wherein:
said reciprocator circuit means maintains the fundamental physical relationship:
V=s/t
where:
V=velocity (speed or machine RFM)
s=distance (a constant for reciprocating machinery)
t=time elapsed (as measured by said ramp generator means)
and said reciprocator circuit means produces a voltage output which at any given time is a function of the velocity of said machine.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

A tachometer as recited in claim 10, wherein said reciprocator circuit means comprises:
an operational amplifier integrator circuit having a transistor switch to discharge the integrating capacitor thereof.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
said operational amplifier integrator circuit produces a linear time voltage ramp when said reset pulse is inactive (high) and has a zero output when said reset pulse is active (high), the voltage of said linear time ramp at any point in time being analogous to the elapsed time since the last reset pulse.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, including:
missing pulse detector circuit means for receiving output pulses of said sample pulse generator means and developing an output pulse set to a period corresponding to a predetermined number of machine cycles at full speed operation, said missing pulse detector means being retriggered by said pulses of said sample pulse detector and, when retriggering does not occur for said predetermined period, said missing pulse detector means transmitting a signal to said sample/hold means overriding the "hold" command thereof and placing said sample/hold means continuously in said "sample" mode until a subsequent retriggering pulse is received by said missing pulse detector means.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said missing pulse detector circuit means comprises:
a retriggerable monostable multivibrator circuit having means for settting the time period of the output pulse thereof in accordance with machine operation.