# US 4,396,868 A · Lamp circuit with disconnected lamp detecting device > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,396,868 A - Document ID: US4396868A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/238,116 - Filed: 1981-02-25 - Granted: 1983-08-02 - Earliest claimed: 1980-03-13 - Assignees: Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha - Inventors: Toshisuke Watanabe; Shozo Taniguchi; Osafumi Takemoto - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4396868A ## CPC - G01R 31/44: Testing lamps - H05B 47/20: Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection - H05B 47/23: of two or more light sources connected in series - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL ## Abstract A lamp circuit is provided having a constant current-type AC power source and a plurality of isolation transformers coupled in series with the AC power source. The secondary circuit of each isolation transformer is connected to an electric lamp. The output voltage of the constant current-type AC power source is detected to determine the times when the output voltage crosses the zero voltage level. A disconnected lamp in the circuit results in a distortion of the output voltage waveform due to the magnetic-saturation characteristics of the isolation transformer coupled to the disconnected lamp. The output voltage waveform is integrated over time between the time periods when the output voltage signal crosses the zero axis. The result of the integration is compared with a reference value. When the integrated value exceeds the reference value, an alarm signal is generated. The number of disconnected lamps may also be determined and displayed. The circuit includes a device for supplying a small current to the plurality of isolation transformers such that the status of the lamps in a circuit can be determined without illuminating any of the lamps in the circuit. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A lamp circuit, comprising: AC power supply means for supplying an AC current; a plurality of isolation transformers coupled in series with each other, said series coupled plurality of isolation transformers being coupled to receive said AC current from said AC power supply means; a plurality of lamps, each one of said plurality of lamps being coupled to one of said plurality of isolation transformers respectively; and disconnected lamp detecting means coupled to said AC power supply means for detecting an output voltage of said AC power supply means and for determining a voltage-time integral of said detected output voltage during a predetermined time period, comprising, voltage detecting means coupled to said AC power supply means for detecting said output voltage of said AC power supply means, comprising zero voltage crossing detector means coupled to said voltage detecting means for receiving said detected output voltage and for producing a voltage level detected signal when said detected output voltage crosses the zero voltage level, wherein said predetermined time period is a half cycle of said AC current as detected by said zero voltage crossing detector means, and voltage-time integral determining means coupled to said voltage detecting means for receiving said detected output voltage and for determining said voltage-time integral of said output voltage during said predetermined time period; wherein said AC power supply means comprises means for supplying to said plurality of series coupled isolation transformers a small current which is insufficient to light said plurality of lamps. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein: said means for determining said predetermined time period determines said predetermined time period once every half cycle of said AC power supply means. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said voltage-time integral determining means comprises: voltage converter means coupled to said voltage detecting means for receiving said detected output voltage and for producing a converted signal having a characteristic proportional to said detected output voltage; and integrator means coupled to said voltage converter means for receiving said converted signal and for integrating said converted signal during said predetermined time period. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 3, wherein: said voltage converter means produces a pulse signal as said converted signal, the frequency of said pulse signal being proportional to said detected output voltage; and said integrator means counts the number of pulses in said pulse signal during said predetermined time period and produces an integral signal, said integral signal representing the number of pulses counted by said integrator means. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 4, wherein said voltage converter means includes a voltage to frequency converter. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 4, wherein said integrator means includes a counter. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein: said means for determining said predetermined time period determines said predetermined time period once every cycle of said AC power supply means. ### Claim 8 (depends on 4) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 4, wherein: said voltage converter means comprises a voltage to frequency converter, said voltage to frequency converter producing said pulse signal; said integrator means comprises a counter, said counter producing said integral signal; and said means for determining said predetermined time period includes a flip-flop coupled to said zero voltage crossing detector for receiving said voltage level detected signal and a gate circuit coupled to said voltage to frequency converter and to said flip-flop for directing said pulse signal to an input of said counter in response to the output signal to said flip-flop. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 8, wherein said disconnected lamp detecting means further includes: adjustor means for producing a digital reference signal; comparator means coupled to said counter for receiving said integral signal and coupled to said adjustor means for receiving said digital reference signal for comparing said integral signal with said digital reference signal and for producing a comparison signal according to the result of the comparison; and alarm means coupled to said comparator means for receiving said comparison signal and for producing an alarm in response to said comparison signal. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 8, wherein said disconnected lamp detecting means further includes: means coupled to said counter for receiving said integral signal and for producing a digital display signal in response to said integral signal; and display means coupled to said display signal producing means for receiving said digital display signal and for producing a display in response to said display signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 10, wherein said display signal producing means comprises: memory means coupled to said counter for receiving said integral signal, for producing said digital display signal in response to said integral signal, and for storing said digital display signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein said disconnected lamp detecting means further comprises: comparator means for comparing said voltage-time integral with a predetermined value and for producing a comparison signal according to the result of the comparison. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 12, wherein said disconnected lamp detecting means further comprises: adjuster means for producing said predetermined value, said comparator means being coupled to receive said predetermined value from said adjustor means. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 13, wherein: said adjustor means produces said predetermined value as a digital signal; and said comparator means produces said comparison signal in digital form. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 12, which further comprises: alarm means coupled to said comparator means for receiving said comparison signal and for producing an alarm according to said comparison signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein said disconnected lamp detecting means further comprises: means for producing a display signal in response to said voltage-time integral. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 16, wherein said display signal producing means produces said display signal in digital form. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 17, which further comprises: display means coupled to said display signal producing means for receiving said display signal and for producing a display in response to said display signal. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein said AC power supply means comprises: a source of AC power; and wherein said means for supplying said small current is coupled between said source of AC power and said plurality of series coupled isolation transformers. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 19, wherein said means for supplying said small AC current comprises: a reactor coupled in series with said source of AC power and said plurality of series coupled isolation transformers. ### Claim 21 (depends on 19) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 19, wherein said AC power supply means further comprises: a constant-current regulator which is coupled in parallel with said means for supplying said small AC current. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 21, wherein said constant-current regulator is a thyristor-type constant current regulator. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 21, wherein said constant-current regulator is a resistance-capacitance-type constant current regulator. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein said AC power supply means comprises: a source of AC power; and thyristor-type constant current regulator means coupled between said source of AC power and said plurality of series coupled isolation transformers for supplying a constant AC current to said plurality of series coupled isolation transformers; wherein said means for supplying said small current comprises said thyristor-type constant current regulator means having means for limiting said AC current to a small AC current which is insufficient to light said plurality of lamps. ### Claim 25 A lamp circuit, comprising: AC power supply means for supplying an AC current; a plurality of isolation, transformers coupled in series with each other, said series coupled plurality of isolation transformers being coupled to receive said AC curent from said AC power supply means; a plurality of lamps, each one of said plurality of lamps being coupled to one of said plurality of isolation transformers respectively; and disconnected lamp detecting means coupled to said AC power supply means for detecting an output voltage of said AC power supply means and for determining a voltage-time integral of said detected output voltage during a predetermined time period, comprising, voltage detecting means coupled to said AC power supply means for detecting said output voltage, voltage to frequency converter means coupled to said voltage detecting means for producing a pulse signal having a frequency proportional to said detected output voltage, zero voltage crossing detector means coupled to said voltage detecting means for receiving said detected output voltage and for producing a voltage level detected signal when said detected output voltage crosses the zero voltage level, and digital computer means coupled to receive said pulse signal from said voltage to frequency converter means and coupled to receive said voltage level detected signal from said zero voltage crossing detector for determining said predetermined time period as a half cycle of said AC current in response to said voltage level detected signal and for converting the number of pulses occuring in said pulse signal during said predetermined time period to produce an integral signal, said integral signal representing the number of pulses counted by said digital computer during said predetermined time period; wherein said AC power supply means supplies a small AC current to said plurality of series coupled isolation transformers which is insufficient to light said plurality of lamps. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 25, wherein: said digital computer means includes means for storing a digital reference signal and means for comparing said integral signal with said digital reference signal and for producing a comparison signal according to the result of the comparison; and said disconnected lamp detecting means further comprises alarm means coupled to said digital computer means for receiving said comparison signal and for producing an alarm in response to said comparison signal. ### Claim 27 (depends on 25) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 25, wherein: said digital computer means includes means for producing a digital display signal in response to said integral signal; and said disconnected lamp detecting means further comprises display means coupled to said digital computer means for receiving said digital display signal and for producing a display in response to said display signal. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The lamp circuit as recited in claim 27, wherein: said digital computer means further includes means for storing a plurality of digital reference signals; and said digital display signal producing means compares said integral signal with said plurality of reference signals to produce said digital display signal.