# US 4,396,852 A · Windmill > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,396,852 A - Document ID: US4396852A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/281,930 - Filed: 1981-07-10 - Granted: 1983-08-02 - Earliest claimed: 1981-07-10 - Inventors: Arlon J. Hunt - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4396852A ## CPC - H02N 2/181: {Circuits; Control arrangements or methods} - F03D 5/00: Other wind motors (controlling thereof F03D7/00) - H02N 2/185: {using fluid streams} - Y02B 10/30: Wind power - Y02E 10/70: Wind energy - H02N: ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - F03D: WIND MOTORS - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A windmill (10) has a member (12) which is torsionally displaceable and coupled to a transducer (62) to produce usable energy. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Apparatus for generating energy from a source of fluid in motion comprising: means disposed in the fluid for torsional movement in response to the movement of the fluid therepast, said means including a flexible member; means operably coupled to said torsional movement means for converting said torsional movement into usable energy; and said converting means including: a first arm; means for securing said flexible member to said first arm at one point on the flexible member; a second flexible arm; means for securing said flexible member to said second flexible arm at another point on the flexible member spaced from the one point, said second flexible arm being displaceable by the torsional movement of the flexible member; a transducer; and second means for operably coupling said transducer to said second flexible arm. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first arm is flexible. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said torsional movement means includes means for allowing sideways movement. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said moving means includes a plurality of flexible members and the converting means is operably coupled to said plurality of flexible members. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said flexible member includes a flexible slat. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said flexible member is thin and elongate. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said transducer includes a hollow cylinder, and said second means for operably coupling includes a first conductor secured to the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder, which first conductor extends axially from the transducer in one direction and a second conductor secured to the outer cylindrical surface of the cylinder, which second conductor extends axially from the transducer in an opposite direction, and wherein said second flexible arm is urged against one of the conductors to set up shear stress between the transducer and each conductor by the torsional movement of the flexible member. ### Claim 8 Apparatus for generating energy from a source of fluid in motion comprising: means disposed in the fluid for torsional movement in response to the movement of the fluid therepast, said means including a flexible member; means operably coupled to said torsional movement means for converting said torsional movement into usable energy; and said converting means includes a flexible arm and means for securing said flexible member to said flexible arm such that said flexible member can pivot about an axis which is disposed substantially parallel to said arm but is restricted from twisting movement at the point where the flexible member is secured to the flexible arm. ### Claim 9 Apparatus for generating energy from a surce of fluid in motion comprising: means disposed in the fluid for torsional movement in response to the movement of the fluid therepast, said means including a flexible member; means operably coupled to said torsional movement means for converting said torsional movement into usable energy; and said converting means including: a flexible first arm; means for securing said flexible member to said flexible first arm so that said flexible first arm is displaced by the movement of said flexible member in response to the movement of the fluid therepast; a second flexible arm; a transducer; second means for operably coupling said transducer to said second flexible arm; and third means for operably coupling said first and second arms with a mechanical advantage. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said second flexible arm is biased against said transducer. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10 wherein: said arms are secured at one end to a base; said third coupling means includes a projection extending from one of said arms which is capable of contacting the other of said arms; and the distance from said base to the means for securing said flexible member to said first arm is greater than the distance from the base to the projection. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said transducer is spaced from said base and the distance between said base and said projection is greater than the distance from the base to the transducer. ### Claim 13 Apparatus for generating energy from a source of fluid in motion comprising: means disposed in said fluid for moving in response to the movement of the fluid therepast said means including a flexible member; and means operatively coupled to said moving means for converting said movement into usable energy, said converting means including a piezoelectric transducer; and said converting means including: a flexible first arm; means for securing said flexible member to said first arm so that said flexible first arm is displaced by the movement of said flexible member in response to the movement of the fluid therepast; a second flexible arm operably coupled to the piozoelectric transducer; and second means for operably coupling said first and second arms with a mechanical advantage. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said flexible first arm is urged against said piezoelectric transducer upon the movement of said moving means in response to the movement of the fluid therepast. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said second flexible arm is biased against said piezoelectric transducer. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein: said arms are secured at one end to a base; said second coupling means including a projection extending from one of said arms which is capable of contacting the other of said arms; and the distance from said base to the means for securing said flexible member to said first arm is greater than the distance from the base to the projection. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said piezoelectric transducer is spaced from said base and the distance between said base and projection is greater than the distance from the base to the piezoelectric transducer. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said moving means includes a plurality of flexible members and the converting means is operably coupled to said plurality of flexible members. ### Claim 19 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said transducer is a hollow cylinder and said converting means further includes a first conductor secured to the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder, which first conductor extends axially from the transducer in one direction and a second conductor secured to the outer cylindrical surface of the cylinder, which second conductor extends axially from the transducer in an opposite direction, and wherein said second flexible arm is urged against one of the conductors to set up shear stresses between the transducer and each conductor. ### Claim 20 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said flexible member includes a flexible slat. ### Claim 21 Apparatus for generating energy from a source of fluid in motion comprising: means disposed in said fluid for moving in response to the movement of the fluid therepast, said means including a flexible member; and means operatively coupled to said moving means for converting said movement into usable energy, said converting means including a piezoelectric transducer; and wherein said converting means includes a flexible arm and means for securing said flexible member to said flexible arm such that said flexible member can pivot about an axis which is disposed substantially parallel to said arm but is restricted from twisting movement at the point where the flexible member is secured to the flexible arm. ### Claim 22 Apparatus for generating energy from a source of fluid in motion comprising: means disposed in the fluid for torsional movement in response to the movement of the fluid therepast, said means including a flexible member; means operably coupled to said torsional movement means for converting said torsional movement into usable energy; and said converting means including: a first mount; means for securing said flexible member to said first mount at one point on the flexible member; a flexible arm; means for securing said flexible member to said flexible arm at another point on the flexible member spaced from the one point, said second flexible arm being displaceable by the torsional movement of the flexible member; a transducer; and second means for operably coupling said transducer to said flexible arm.