# US 4,396,796 A · Encapsulated electronic devices and encapsulating compositions > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,396,796 A - Document ID: US4396796A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/202,286 - Filed: 1980-10-30 - Granted: 1983-08-02 - Earliest claimed: 1980-10-30 - Assignees: Western Electric Company, Inc. - Inventors: Ching-Ping Wong - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4396796A ## CPC - H01B 3/46: silicones - C08K 5/35: having also oxygen in the ring - H01B: CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES (selection for magnetic properties H01F1/00; waveguides H01P {; printed circuits H05K}) - C08K: Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients (paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C09) ## Abstract An electronic device such as an integrated circuit is encapsulated within a silicone resin formulation having a protonated heterocyclic compound contained therein. The compound complexes with free anionic contaminants to form a non-migratory, non-corrosive protonated heterocyclic compound-anion complex, thereby preventing anionic attack of metallic circuit elements. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of immobilizing free anions on an electronic device which comprises applying to the device a room temperature vulcanizable silicone elastomer containing therein a protonated heterocyclic compound having a charge and dimension to firmly bind said free anions. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the free anions include a halogen. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method as recited in claim 2 wherein the halogen is a chloride ion. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is selected from the group consisting of protonated cryptate ethers, crown ethers and cycloamines. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method as recited in claim 4 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated cryptate ether and wherein the cryptate ether has the structural formula: ##STR6## wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3, n.sub.1 is an integer from zero to 3 and R and R.sub.1 are selected from hydrogen and an organic radical. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method as recited in claim 4 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated cryptate ether and wherein the cryptate ether has the structural formula: ##STR7## wherein n is an integer from zero to 3, n.sub.1 is an integer from 1 to 3, n.sub.2 is an integer from zero to 3 and any derivative thereof. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The method as recited in claim 4 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated crown ether having a 12 to 24 member ring with 4 to 8 oxygen atoms therein. ### Claim 8 (depends on 4) The method as recited in claim 4 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a cycloamine having a 12 to 18 member ring with 3 to 6 nitrogen atoms therein. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the heterocyclic compound is protonated by the addition of an organic acid. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is added to the encapsulant in at least a stoichiometric molar quantity as determined by the number of moles of anionic impurity in the encapsulant. ### Claim 11 An article of manufacture comprising an electronic device having a room temperature vulcanizable silicone elastomer encapsulant thereover, said encapsulant comprising a protonated heterocyclic compound thereon having a charge and dimension to firmly bind anionic contaminants. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The article of manufacture as recited in claim 11 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is selected from the group consisting of protonated cryptate ethers, crown ethers and cycloamines. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The article of manufacture as recited in claim 12 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated cryptate ether and wherein the cryptate ether has the structural formula: ##STR8## wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3, n.sub.1 is an integer from zero to 3 and R and R.sub.1 can be hydrogen and an organic radical. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The article of manufacture as recited in claim 12 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated cryptate ether and wherein the cryptate ether has the structural formula: ##STR9## wherein n is an integer from zero to 3, n.sub.1 is an integer from 1 to 3, n.sub.2 is an integer from zero to 3 and any derivative thereof. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The article of manufacture as recited in claim 12 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated crown ether having a 12 to 24 member ring with 4 to 8 oxygen atoms therein. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The article of manufacture as recited in claim 12 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated cycloamine having a 12 to 18 member ring with 3 to 6 nitrogen atoms therein. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The article of manufacture as recited in claim 11 wherein the heterocyclic compound is protonated by the addition of an organic acid. ### Claim 18 (depends on 11) The article of manufacture as recited in claim 11 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is present in the encapsulant in at least a stoichiometric molar quantity as determined by the number of moles of anionic impurity in the encapsulant. ### Claim 19 A composition of matter comprising a room temperature vulcanizable silicone elastomer having dissolved therein a protonated heterocyclic compound having a charge and dimension sufficient to firmly bind anionic contaminants. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) A composition of matter as recited in claim 19 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is selected from the group consisting of protonated crown ether, cryptate ether and cycloamines. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The composition of matter as recited in claim 20 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated cryptate ether and wherein the cryptate ether has the structural formula: ##STR10## wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3 and n.sub.1 is an integer from zero to 3 and R and R.sub.1 are selected from hydrogen and an organic radical. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The composition of matter as recited in claim 20 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated cryptate ether and wherein the cryptate ether has the structural formula: ##STR11## wherein n is an integer from zero to 3, n.sub.1 is an integer from 1 to 3, n.sub.2 is an integer from zero to 3 and any derivative thereof. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The composition of matter as recited in claim 20 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated crown ether having a 12 to 24 member ring with 4 to 8 oxygen atoms therein. ### Claim 24 (depends on 20) The composition of matter as recited in claim 20 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is a protonated cycloamine having a 12 to 18 member ring with 3 to 6 nitrogen atoms therein. ### Claim 25 (depends on 19) The composition of matter as recited in claim 19 wherein the heterocyclic compound is protonated by the addition of an organic acid. ### Claim 26 (depends on 19) The composition of matter as recited in claim 19 wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is added to the elastomer in at least a stoichiometric molar quantity as determined by the number of moles of anionic impurity in the encapsulant. ### Claim 27 A method of immobilizing free anions on an electronic device which comprises applying to the device a protonated heterocyclic compound having a charge and dimension sufficient to firmly bind said free anions and an encapsulate for said device. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The method as recited in claim 27, wherein the free anions include a halogen. ### Claim 29 (depends on 27) The method as recited in claim 27, wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is selected from the group consisting of protonated cryptate ethers, crown ethers and cycloamines. ### Claim 30 (depends on 27) The method as recited in claim 27, wherein the heterocyclic compound is protonated by the addition of an organic acid. ### Claim 31 (depends on 27) The method as recited in claim 27, wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is added to the encapsulate in at least a stoichiometric molar quantity as determined by the number of moles of anionic impurity in the encapsulate. ### Claim 32 An article of manufacture comprising an electronic device having a polymeric encapsulate thereover, said encapsulate comprising a protonated heterocyclic compound having a charge and dimension so as to firmly bind anionic impurities. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The article of manufacture as recited in claim 32, wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is selected from the group consisting of protonated cryptate ethers, crown ethers and cycloamines. ### Claim 34 (depends on 32) The article of manufacture as recited in claim 32, wherein the heterocyclic compound is protonated by the addition of an organic acid. ### Claim 35 (depends on 32) The article of manufacture as recited in claim 32, wherein the protonated heterocyclic compound is present in the encapsulate in at least a stoichiometric molar quantity as determined by the number of moles of anionic impurity in the encapsulate. ### Claim 36 A composition of matter comprising a polymeric encapsulant having dissolved therein a protonated heterocyclic compound having a charge and dimension sufficient to entrap anionic contaminants.