# US 4,396,473 A · Cathode prepared by electro arc spray metallization, electro arc spray metallization method of preparing a cathode, and electrolysis with a cathode prepared by electro arc spray metallization

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- Number: US 4,396,473 A
- Document ID: US4396473A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/258,693
- Filed: 1981-04-29
- Granted: 1983-08-02
- Earliest claimed: 1981-04-29
- Assignees: PPG Industries, Inc.
- Inventors: Gary N. Hughes; Cletus N. Welch
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4396473A

## CPC

- C25B 11/075: consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C23C 4/131: Wire arc spraying
- H01M 4/98: Raney-type electrodes
- Y02E 60/50: Fuel cells
- C25B: ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR (anodic or cathodic protection C23F13/00; single-crystal growth C30B)
- C23C: COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL (making metal-coated products by extrusion B21C23/22; covering with metal by connecting pre-existing layers to articles, see the relevant places, e.g. B21D39/00, B23K; metallising of glass C03C; metallising mortars, concrete, artificial stone, ceramics or natural stone C04B41/00; enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals C23D; treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25D; single-crystal film growth C30B; by metallising textiles D06M11/83; decorating textiles by locally metallising D06Q1/04)
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

Discloses a cathode having a porous surface prepared by electro arc spray metallization of two wires of a leachable metal and a catalytic metal onto a substrate, and removal of the leachable metal. Also discloses method of preparing the cathode, and an electrolytic process using the cathode.

## Claims

### Claim 1

In a method of electrolyzing an aqueous chloride solution comprising passing an electrical current from an anode to a cathode and evolving chlorine at the anode and hydroxyl ion at the cathode, wherein the cathode comprises:
a. a metallic substrate; and
b. a porous nickel surface on said metallic substrate, said porous nickel surface having a porosity of from about 50 to about 75 percent,
the improvement wherein said porous nickel surface has an X-ray pattern having peaks at 31.20 degrees two theta, 44.66 degrees two theta, 51.62 degrees two theta, and 64.80 degrees two theta, and is prepared by the method comprising:
(i) providing a pair of wires, said wires being spaced apart from one another, each of said wires comprising a nickel core and an aluminum cladding, said nickel and aluminum being substantially unalloyed with each other;
(ii) establishing an electrical potential between the wires whereby to establish an arch therebetween at a temperature above about 2000.degree. C. and melt a portion of each of said wires;
(iii) depositing a molten material formed thereby on the metallic substrate, whereby to form a surface comprising from about 33 to 67 weight percent aluminum, balance nickel, in the form of Ni.sub.2 Al.sub.3 and NiAl.sub.3, and having an X-ray diffraction pattern with peaks at 43.58 to 46 degrees two theta, 25.4 to 26 degrees two theta, 18 to 18.4 degrees two theta, and 65 to 66 degrees two theta; and
(iv) leaching aluminum therefrom to provide the porous nickel surface.

### Claim 2

In an electrode comprising:
a. a metallic substrate; and
b. a porous nickel surface on said metallic substrate, said porous nickel surface having a porosity of from about 50 to about 75 percent,
the improvement wherein said porous nickel surface has an X-ray pattern having peaks at 31.20 degrees two theta, 44.66 degrees two theta, 51.62 degrees two theta, and 64.80 degrees two theta and is prepared by the method comprising:
(i) providing a pair of wires, said wires being spaced apart from one another, each of said wires comprising a nickel core and an aluminum cladding, said nickel and aluminum being substantially unalloyed with each other;
(ii) establishing an electrical potential between the wires whereby to establish an arc therebetween at a temperature above about 2000.degree. C. and melt a portion of each of said wires;
(iii) depositing molten material formed whereby on the metallic substrate whereby to form a surface comprising from about 33 to about 67 weight percent Al, balance Ni, in the form of NiAl.sub.3 and Ni.sub.2 Al.sub.3 and having an X-ray diffraction pattern with peaks at 43.58 to 46 degrees two theta, 25.4 to 26 degrees two theta, 18 to 18.4 degrees two theta, and 65 to 66 degrees two theta; and
(iv) leaching aluminum therefrom to provide the porous nickel surface.