# US 4,396,315 A · Cutting tools

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- Number: US 4,396,315 A
- Document ID: US4396315A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/261,490
- Filed: 1981-05-07
- Granted: 1983-08-02
- Earliest claimed: 1981-05-07
- Inventors: Burton E. Middleton
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4396315A

## CPC

- B27B 33/20: Edge trimming saw blades or tools combined with means to disintegrate waste
- B27L 11/005: {Tools therefor}
- Y10T 407/1922: Wedge clamp element
- Y10T 407/23: including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
- B27B: SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR (saws specially adapted for pruning or debranching A01G3/08; sawing apparatus specially adapted for felling trees A01G23/091; features not restricted to a particular type of wood saw B23D, e.g. attaching saw blades B23D51/00; machine tool frames, beds, pillars or like members, in general B23Q1/01)
- B27L: REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES (forestry A01G); SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

## Abstract

A precision high velocity cutting tool having indexable inserts or cutting bits includes a replaceable cutting section or insert holding nest that is made of a material that is harder and stronger than that from which it is economical to make the major cutter body. The nest is easily replaced without removing the cutter body from the drive shaft or spindle. Two holding screws retain the nest on the cutter body, one of them also securing an indexable cutter insert in cooperation with a reversible clamp. The nest facilitates the replacement of that portion of the cutter body that tends to deteriorate most rapidly and enables the replacement to be confined to the damaged area of the tool. A shaver blade is included that effects, in cooperation with the main cutting inserts of the cutting tool, smoother cutting, providing a finish approximately a planed surface.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A cutting tool comprising a cutter body having a forward face, a rearward face, and opposed outer edges, said cutter body having a cutting region comprising,
a first recess formed in one of said faces adjacent at least one of said outer edges,
tap means in said first recess,
a replaceable cutting insert positioned in said first recess, said cutting insert being made of a material that is stronger than the material of which said cutter body is made, said cutting insert having angularly disposed wall means forming a second recess with a seat and bed therein, said bed extending from an outer edge of said second recess to said seat, and said wall means having first bore means therein in alignment with said tap means,
a clamp member positioned in said second recess and having second bore means therein in alignment with said first bore means in said wall means, and
bolt means including a first bolt extending through said first bore means and said second bore means into engagement with said tap means to draw said clamp member into engagement with a cutter insert disposed on said bed and seat with a cutting edge disposed outwardly of said second recess.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 1 wherein said cutter body is made of cold finished low carbon steel and said cutting insert is made of a hardened steel alloy.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 1 wherein said clamp member is hard faced with chrome and is reversible.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 1 wherein said bore means in said clamp member is counterbored to provide a step bearing for the head of said first bolt.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 1 wherein said tap means in said first recess comprises a first tap and a second tap, said first bolt engaging said first tap, and wherein said angularly displaced wall means includes first wall means in which said seat and bed are formed and includes second wall means having third bore means therein in alignment with said second tap in said first recess, and said bolt means further includes a second bolt extending through said third bore means into engagement with said second tap to hold said cutting insert in said first recess.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 5 wherein said third bore means in said second wall means is counterbored to provide a step bearing for the head of said second bolt.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 6 wherein the bore means in said clamp member is counterbored to provide a step bearing for the head of said first bolt.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 6 wherein said third bore means in said second wall means and said second tap in said first recess are so positioned that the head of said second bolt is at least partially disposed beneath said clamp member.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 1 further including a safety detent to prevent the cutter insert from being dislodged from said bed and said seat in said second recess, the cutter insert being characterized in having a recess provided in a portion thereof, and said detent comprising a hardened screw in said replaceable cutting insert that protrudes into said recess.

### Claim 10 (depends on 5)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 5 further including a detent to position and to prevent the cutter insert from being dislodged from said bed and said seat in said second recess, the cutter insert being characterized in having a recess with a conical inner surface provided in a portion thereof, and said detent comprising a hardened socket screw extending through said first wall means, the center line of said screw being offset slightly inwardly of said second recess with respect to the center line of said cutter insert recess, said socket screw protruding into the cutter insert recess into firm engagement with said conical inner surface whereby said cutter insert is forced inwardly of said second recess.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 1 wherein said cutter body is formed with two diametrically opposite cutting regions that are disposed about a central axis of the cutter body with the cutting edges of the cutter inserts at the cutting regions facing in the same direction in a circle about the central axis.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 1 wherein said cutter body is generally square in shape and is formed with a cutting region adjacent each of the four corners, each of the cutting regions being rotatable about a central axis of the cutting body with the cutting edges of the cutting inserts at each of the cutting regions being operative to effect the cutting function while moving in the same direction in a circular path about the central axis, said cutter body being approximately perpendicular to the central axis.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 12 wherein said cutter body further includes an upper face and a lower face and further includes a shaver blade provided in association with said upper face, said shaver blade being disposed generally radially with respect to the central axis of said cutter body and having a length at least as long as the distance advanced by the work piece being processed during a single revolution of said cutter body about said central axis.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 13 wherein said shaver blade is rectangular in shape having an upper surface, a lower surface, a forward face, a rear face parallel to the forward face, and oppositely disposed edges, said forward face having a V-shaped recess formed therein, the upper and lower edgs of the recess each forming a cutting edge.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 14 wherein said shaver blade is recessed in the upper surface of the cutter body with the rear face of said shaver blade approximately flush with the upper face of said cutter body and cutting edges extending upwardly at an angle of about 10.degree. with the upper face of said cutter body.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 15 wherein the angle of the V-shaped recess in said shaver blade is such as to provide a rake angle of about 35.degree..

### Claim 17 (depends on 12)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 12 wherein the cutting edges at each of the cutting regions extend axially outwardly of said second recess.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 17 wherein the cutter body is offset slightly from the perpendicular with respect to the central axis in order substantially to eliminate back drag, said offset introducing a slight concavity to the cut surface.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 18 wherein said cutter body further includes an upper face and a lower face and further includes a shaver blade disposed in a recess provided in said upper face and having a cutting edge positioned generally radially with respect to the central axis of said cutter, said shaver blade having a length at least as long as the distance advanced by the work being processed during a single revolution of the cutter body about the central axis.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 19 further including shimming means to angularly displace the cutting edge of said shaver blade longitudinally with respect to the central axis of the cutter body to compensate for the angular offset of the cutter body from the central axis thereby to eliminate said concavity in the cut surface.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 20 wherein said shaver blade is rectangular in shape having an upper surface, a lower surface, a forward face, a rear face parallel to the forward face and oppositely disposed edges, said forward face having a V-shaped recess formed therein, the upper and lower edges of the recess each forming a cutting edge, and wherein said shaver blade is recessed in the upper face of said cutter body with a cutting edge of said blade extending upwardly at an angle of about 10.degree. with the upper face of said cutter body, said shaver blade being reverseable in the recess in the cutter body.

### Claim 22

A cutting tool comprising,
a cutting section having a bed and an adjoining shoulder,
a clamp,
a cutter insert, said cutter insert being adapted to be held in said bed by said clamp and having a conical recess therein in facing said bed,
said bed having a tap therein that with respect to said recess, is slightly offset therein towards said shoulder with said cutter insert in engagement with said shoulder, and
a screw in said tap, said screw when tightened engaging said conical recess and forcing said cutter insert into firm engagement with said shoulder.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

A cutting tool as specified in claim 22 wherein said cutter insert has four cutting sides and a flat bottom side, said bottom side facing said bed and having said recess centrally located therein, and wherein one of said cutting sides engages said shoulder when the center line of said tap is slightly offset towards said shoulder with respect to the center line of said recess.