# US 4,396,142 A · Fire and heat resistant structure > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,396,142 A - Document ID: US4396142A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/301,243 - Filed: 1981-09-11 - Granted: 1983-08-02 - Earliest claimed: 1981-09-11 - Assignees: Olin Corporation - Inventors: Ellwood L. Lines, Jr.; Douglas A. Farmer, Jr. - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4396142A ## CPC - B32B 15/12: of paper or cardboard - B32B 7/12: using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties - B32B 15/04: comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, {which is} next to another layer of {the same or of} a {different material (next to a bituminous or tarry layer B32B11/08; next to a water-setting substance layer B32B13/06; next to a glass layer B32B17/061; next to a cellulosic plastic layer B32B23/042)} - B32B 15/20: comprising aluminium or copper {(B32B15/016 and B32B15/017 take precedence)} - B65D 3/22: with double walls; with walls incorporating air-chambers; with walls made of laminated material {(for thermal insulating purposes B65D81/3818)} - B32B 2307/3065: Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant - B32B 2317/122: Kraft paper - B32B 2439/00: Containers; Receptacles - Y10S 428/921: Fire or flameproofing - Y10T 428/1303: Paper containing [e.g., paperboard, cardboard, fiberboard, etc.] - Y10T 428/1359: Three or more layers [continuous layer] - Y10T 428/24975: No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick - Y10T 428/31692: Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers - B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM - B65D: CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES - Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A fire and heat resistant container having at least the sidewall partially formed from fibrous material with an inner surface and an outer surface that has a plurality of laminae of predetermined composition and thickness arrayed in a specific manner therebetween is provided to protect an object or substance adjacent the inner surface from a fire or heat generating source adjacent the outer surface. The laminae are bonded together by a fire resistant bonding agent of predetermined thickness. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A fire and heat resistant container having a top and a bottom interconnected by sidewall means, at least the sidewall means being partially formed from fibrous material and having an inner surface and an opposing outer surface with a plurality of laminae therebetween to protect an object adjacent the inner surface from a fire or heat generating source adjacent the outer surface, the combination comprising: (a) a first lamina of predetermined thickness generally defining the inner surface and formed at least partially of aluminum; (b) at least one ply adjacent the first lamina and comprising: i. a second lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness and strength adjacent the first lamina; ii. a third lamina of predetermined thickness formed at least partially of aluminum and having generally planar opposing sides; iii. a fourth lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness and strength adjacent the third lamina; iv. a first bonding agent bonding each lamina of fibrous material to each of the opposing sides of the third lamina; and (c) a second bonding agent of predetermined thickness bonding the at least one ply to the first lamina. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein the first lamina further has a first side and an opposing second side, at least one of the sides being coated with a polymer of predetermined thickness. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The container according to claim 2 wherein the polymer is polyethylene. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The container according to claim 2 wherein the polymer is polyester. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein the predetermined thickness of the first lamina is from about 0.75 mils to about 3.25 mils. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein the second bonding agent is a thermoplastic adhesive. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein the sidewall means is cylindrical. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein the first bonding agent is an organic bonding agent. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The container according to claim 8 wherein the organic bonding agent is a thermoplastic polyethylene. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein the fibrous material of the second and fourth lamina is 26 pound Kraft paper. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein the predetermined thickness of the third lamina is from about 0.20 mils to about 0.50 mils. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein the fibrous material of the second and fourth lamina are coated with an intumescent substance. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 further comprising a fifth lamina of predetermined thickness bonded to the fourth lamina adjacent the outer surface. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The container according to claim 13 wherein the fifth lamina is formed at least partially of aluminum. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The container according to claim 13 wherein the fifth lamina is a fibrous material of predetermined thickness. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 further comprising a plurality of laminae of fibrous material of predetermined thickness having an innermost lamina and an outermost lamina, the innermost lamina being bonded to the fourth lamina and the adjacent laminae being bonded together such that the outermost lamina is adjacent the outer surface. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The container according to claim 15 wherein the fifth lamina is coated with an intumescent substance. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The container according to claim 17 wherein each lamina of the plurality of laminae are coated with an intumescent substance. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein the bottom further comprises in combination: (a) at least one ply; and (b) a bottom lamina bonded to the at least one ply and formed at least partially of aluminum, the bottom lamina being closer to the top of the fire and heat resistant container than the at least one ply. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The container according to claim 19 wherein the bottom lamina is coated with a polymer. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The container according to claim 20 wherein the polymer is polyethylene. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The container according to claim 20 wherein the polymer is polyester. ### Claim 23 (depends on 19) The container according to claim 19 wherein the at least one ply further comprises a lamina of fibrous material bonded to a lamina formed at least partially of aluminum bonded to another lamina of fibrous material. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The container according to claim 23 wherein the at least one ply has bonded thereto a lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness thereby forming the exterior of the bottom. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The container according to claim 24 wherein the lamina forming the exterior of the bottom is coated with an intumescent substance. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The container according to claim 25 wherein the at least one ply is bonded to the bottom lamina and the lamina forming the exterior of the bottom by a water soluble silicate. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein the second bonding agent is fire resistant. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The container according to claim 27 wherein the second bonding agent is further a water soluble silicate. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The container according to claim 28 wherein the thickness of the water soluble silicate is from about 0.5 mils to about 3.0 mils. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The container according to claim 29 wherein the fire resistant bonding agent includes an intumescent substance. ### Claim 31 (depends on 1) The container according to claim 1 wherein an intermediate lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness having a first side and an opposing second side is positioned between the first lamina and the at least one ply and is bonded thereto. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The container according to claim 31 wherein the intermediate lamina of fibrous material is 46 pound Kraft paper. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The container according to claim 32 wherein the intermediate lamina of fibrous material is bonded on the first side to the first lamina by a thermoplastic polyethylene and on the opposing second side by a water soluble silicate. ### Claim 34 A fire and heat resistant container having a top and a bottom interconnected by sidewall means, at least the sidewall means being partially formed from fibrous material and having an inner surface and an opposing outer surface with a plurality of laminae therebetween to protect an object adjacent the inner surface from a fire or heating generating source adjacent the outer surface, the combination comprising: (a) a first generally planar lamina of predetermined thickness generally defining the inner surface formed at least partially of aluminum; (b) a plurality of plies adjacent the first lamina including at least an innermost ply and an outermost ply such that the innermost ply is a shorter distance from the inner surface than the outermost ply, each ply comprising: i. a second generally planar lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness and strength adjacent the first lamina; ii. a third generally planar lamina of predetermined thickness and strength formed at least partially of aluminum and having generally planar opposing sides with one of the opposing sides being adjacent the second lamina; iii. a fourth generally planar lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness and strength adjacent the other of the opposing sides of the third lamina; and iv. a first bonding agent bonding each lamina of fibrous material to each of the opposing sides of the third lamina; (c) at least one lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness and strength bonded to the outermost ply by a second bonding agent; and (d) a third bonding agent of predetermined thickness bonding each ply to each adjacent ply. ### Claim 35 (depends on 34) The container according to claim 34 wherein the container is generally cylindrical. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) The container according to claim 35 wherein the third bonding agent is a fire resistant water soluble silicate. ### Claim 37 (depends on 36) The container according to claim 36 wherein the second bonding agent is a fire resistant water soluble silicate. ### Claim 38 (depends on 36, 37) The container according to claims 36 or 37 wherein the thickness of the water soluble silicate is from about 0.5 mils to about 3.0 mils. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) The container according to claim 38 wherein the predetermined thickness of the first lamina is from about 0.75 mils to about 3.25 mils. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) The container according to claim 39 wherein the first lamina further has a first side and an opposing second side, at least one of the sides being coated with a polymer of predetermined thickness. ### Claim 41 (depends on 40) The container according to claim 40 wherein the polymer is polyethylene. ### Claim 42 (depends on 40) The container according to claim 40 wherein the polymer is polyester. ### Claim 43 (depends on 42) The container according to claim 42 wherein the fibrous material of the second and fourth lamina is 26 pound Kraft paper. ### Claim 44 (depends on 43) The container according to claim 43 wherein the predetermined thickness of the third lamina is from about 0.20 mils to about 0.50 mils. ### Claim 45 (depends on 41) The container according to claim 41 wherein the fibrous material of the second and fourth lamina is 26 pound Kraft paper. ### Claim 46 (depends on 45) The container according to claim 45 wherein the predetermined thickness of the third lamina is from about 0.20 mils to about 0.50 mils. ### Claim 47 (depends on 46) The container according to claim 46 wherein the first bonding agent is an organic bonding agent. ### Claim 48 (depends on 47) The container according to claim 47 wherein the organic bonding agent is polyethylene. ### Claim 49 (depends on 48) The container according to claim 48 wherein the first lamina and the innermost ply are bonded together by an organic bonding agent. ### Claim 50 (depends on 49) The container according to claim 49 wherein the organic bonding agent is thermoplastic. ### Claim 51 (depends on 50) The container according to claim 50 wherein the organic bonding agent is polyethylene. ### Claim 52 (depends on 39) The container according to claim 39 wherein the at least one lamina of fibrous material is 46 pound Kraft paper. ### Claim 53 (depends on 52) The container according to claim 52 wherein the at least one lamina of fibrous material is coated with an intumescent substance. ### Claim 54 (depends on 52) The container according to claim 52 wherein the at least one lamina of fibrous material has a first side and an opposing second side, the second side being closer to the outer surface of the sidewall means than the first side and further being bonded to a lamina of aluminum of predetermined thickness. ### Claim 55 (depends on 34) The container according to claim 34 wherein the bottom further comprises at least one ply having bonded thereto a bottom lamina formed at least partially of aluminum adjacent the inner surface of the sidewall means. ### Claim 56 (depends on 55) The container according to claim 55 wherein the bottom lamina is coated with a polymer. ### Claim 57 (depends on 56) The container according to claim 56 wherein the polymer is polyester. ### Claim 58 (depends on 56) The container according to claim 56 wherein the polymer is polyethylene. ### Claim 59 (depends on 55) The container according to claim 55 wherein the at least one ply further comprises a lamina of fibrous material bonded to a lamina formed at least partially of aluminum bonded to another lamina of fibrous material. ### Claim 60 (depends on 59) The container according to claim 59 wherein the at least one ply has bonded thereto a lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness thereby forming the exterior of the bottom. ### Claim 61 (depends on 60) The container according to claim 60 wherein the lamina forming the exterior of the bottom is coated with an intumescent substance. ### Claim 62 (depends on 61) The container according to claim 61 wherein the at least one ply is bonded to the bottom lamina and the lamina forming the exterior of the bottom by a water soluble silicate. ### Claim 63 (depends on 34) The container according to claim 34 wherein the plurality of plies is from about four to about six. ### Claim 64 (depends on 34) The container according to claim 34 wherein an intermediate lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness having a first side and an opposing second side is positioned between the first generally planar lamina and the at least one ply and is bonded thereto. ### Claim 65 (depends on 64) The container according to claim 64 wherein the intermediate lamina of fibrous material is 46 pound Kraft paper. ### Claim 66 (depends on 65) The container according to claim 65 wherein the intermediate lamina of fibrous material is bonded on the first side to the first lamina by a thermoplastic polyethylene and on the opposing second side by a water soluble silicate. ### Claim 67 In a fire and heat resistant container for storing combustion promoting substances, the container having a top and a bottom interconnected by improved sidewall means having an inner surface and an opposing outer surface, the improvement comprising: the inner surface having a polymer material of predetermined thickness coating a first lamina of predetermined thickness formed at least partially of aluminum, the first lamina being bonded to at least one ply, each ply comprising in sequence a second lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness and strength bonded to a third lamina of predetermined thickness and strength formed at least partially of aluminum and bonded to a fourth lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness and strength, each adjacent ply further being bonded together by a bonding agent of predetermined thickness. ### Claim 68 (depends on 67) The container according to claim 67 wherein the bonding agent further comprises a water soluble silicate. ### Claim 69 (depends on 68) The container according to claim 68 wherein the predetermined thickness of the water soluble silicate is from 0.5 mils to about 5.0 mils. ### Claim 70 (depends on 69) The container according to claim 69 wherein the predetermined thickness of the first lamina is from about 0.75 mils to about 3.25 mils. ### Claim 71 (depends on 70) The container according to claim 70 wherein the first lamina further has a first side and a second side, the first side being adjacent the inner surface of the sidewall means and being coated with a polymer of predetermined thickness. ### Claim 72 (depends on 71) The container according to claim 71 wherein the polymer is a polyester and is from about 0.50 mils to about 1.50 mils in thickness. ### Claim 73 (depends on 71) The container according to claim 71 wherein the polymer is polyethylene and is from about 0.50 mils to about 1.50 mils in thickness. ### Claim 74 (depends on 71) The container according to claim 71 wherein the second lamina and the fourth lamina is 26 pound Kraft paper. ### Claim 75 (depends on 74) The container according to claim 74 wherein the predetermined thickness of the third lamina is from about 0.20 mils to about 0.50 mils. ### Claim 76 (depends on 75) The container according to claim 75 wherein there are a plurality of plies numbering from about four to about six. ### Claim 77 (depends on 75) The container according to claim 75 wherein there are a plurality of plies having at least an innermost ply and an outermost ply such that the outermost ply is a greater distance from the inner surface and has bonded thereto at least one lamina of fibrous material. ### Claim 78 (depends on 77) The container according to claim 77 further comprising at least three laminae of fibrous material bonded sequentially to the outermost ply. ### Claim 79 (depends on 75) The container according to claim 75 wherein there is one ply to which is bonded a plurality of laminae of fibrous material. ### Claim 80 (depends on 79) The container according to claim 79 wherein there are at least five laminae of fibrous material bonded to the one ply. ### Claim 81 (depends on 78, 80) The container according to claims 78 or 80 wherein the laminae of fibrous material bonded to the ply are coated with an intumescent substance. ### Claim 82 (depends on 67) The container according to claim 67 wherein the bonding agent is fire resistant. ### Claim 83 (depends on 82) The container according to claim 82 wherein the fire resistant bonding agent is a water soluble silicate. ### Claim 84 (depends on 67) The container according to claim 67 wherein an intermediate lamina of fibrous material of predetermined thickness having a first side and an opposing second side is positioned between the first lamina and the at least one ply and is bonded thereto. ### Claim 85 (depends on 84) The container according to claim 84 wherein the intermediate lamina of fibrous material is 46 pound Kraft paper. ### Claim 86 (depends on 85) The container according to claim 85 wherein the intermediate lamina of fibrous material is bonded on the first side to the first lamina by a thermoplastic polyethylene and on the opposing second side by a water soluble silicate.