# US 4,396,005 A · Solar collector and control > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,396,005 A - Document ID: US4396005A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/281,023 - Filed: 1981-07-06 - Granted: 1983-08-02 - Earliest claimed: 1981-07-06 - Assignees: Corning Glass Works - Inventors: Francis P. Fehlner; Arthur H. Wilder - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4396005A ## CPC - G05D 23/275: with sensing element expanding, contracting, or fusing in response to changes of temperature - F24S 10/45: {the enclosure being cylindrical} - F24S 50/40: responsive to temperature - G01D 5/34: the beams of light being detected by photocells - G05D 23/1909: {whose output amplitude can only take two discrete values} - Y02E 10/44: Heat exchange systems - G05D: SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES - F24S: SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS (for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G6/00) - G01D: MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract The absorber of a solar collector expands and contracts with varying insolation. A detector responsive thereto provides indication of the absorber temperature for controlling system parameters. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A solar collector including a solar radiaton receiver surface for intercepting and absorbing the impinging solar radiation or insolation, said insolation being variable over a solar day, said surface providing means for converting said insolation into thermal energy and being susceptible to thermal expansion and contraction as a result of becoming heated, and sensing means remotely located from said surface and responsive to the expansion and contraction of the surface as insolation varies for producing control output signals corresponding to various conditions of said surface between a contracted relatively cold condition and an expanded relatively hot condition. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A solar collector as set forth in claim 1 including means reponsive to the contracted condition of the absorber for producing an OFF output, the expanded condition for producing an ALARM output, and a condition intermediate the contracted and expanded condition for producing an ON output. ### Claim 3 In an evacuated tubular solar collector including a closed elongated cylindrical tubular envelope transparent to solar radiation with an elongated absorber located within the envelope wherein said absorber intercepts and absorbs impinging solar radiation through said envelope and becomes heated thereby to varying temperatures as a function of the amount of radiation impinging thereon throughout a solar day, said absorber being thermally expandable and contractable within the envelope at least lengthwise from an inboard to an outboard end thereof as a result of varying temperatures, said absorber having a peripheral boundary, including longitudinal margins extending lengthwise of the tubular envelope being located near corresponding interior portions thereof, and respective inboard and outboard ends extending transverse of the envelope, said outboard end forming a leading edge being movable axially of the envelope in accordance with the expansion and contraction of the absorber with temperature, sensing means remotely located from the absorber being sensitive to movement of the leading edge of the absorber for producing output signals corresponding to the temperature of the absorber from a relatively cool contracted condition to a relatively hot expanded condition. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) A solar collector as set forth in claim 3 wherein said sensing means comprises: a light source for producing visible light, said light source being located outside of the envelope at a selected axial position thereof near the leading edge of the absorber, said light source for projecting light transversely through the envelope, detector means located without the envelope in opposition to the light source, said detector means responsive to the light for producing outputs corresponding to respective presence and absence of light impinging thereon, the absorber being operative to expand and contract driving the leading edge of the peripheral boundary of the absorber beyond the axial position of the light source for blocking the light to the detector means when said absorber is expanded and allowing the light to impinge on the detector means when said absorber is contracted. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) A solar collector as set forth in claim 4 wherein the light source comprises a low voltage filament light bulb and the detector means comprises a light sensitive detector. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) A solar collector as described in claim 4 wherein the detector means comprises means for detecting a plurality of positions of the leading edge of the boundary of the absorber from a fully contracted relatively cold condition to a fully expanded relatively hot condition. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) A solar collector as set forth in claim 4 further including shading means located in the vicinity of the light source and detector means for suppressing ambient light from striking said detectors. ### Claim 8 (depends on 4) A solar collector as set forth in claim 4 further including lens means located between the light source and detector means for focusing light emminating from said light source towards said detector means. ### Claim 9 An evacuated tubular solar collector comprising: a closed wall elongated cylindrical tubular envelope transparent to solar radiation, and an elongated absorber means located therewithin for intercepting and absorbing impinging solar radiation through said envelope and becoming heated thereby to varying temperatures as a function of the amount of radiation absorbed thereby, said absorber means having a peripheral boundary relatively closely spaced with interior walls of the envelope and being thermally expandable and contractable within the envelope, the spacing of the peripheral boundary of the absorber means being sufficient to allow for said expansion without significant contact of the absorber means with the envelope, sensing means located remotely from the absorber means outside of the envelope, said sensing means being sensitive to the expansion and contraction of the absorber means for producing outputs corresponding to the temperature of the absorber means as a function of the expansion and contraction thereof. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) A solar collector as set forth in claim 9 further including indicator means carried by the absorber means and movable therewith for providing indication of the position of said absorber means as a function of temperature. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) A solar collector as set forth in claim 10 wherein said sensing means comprises a detector magnetically coupled with the indicator means for producing the outputs as said indicator means moves with said absorber means. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A solar collector as set forth in claim 11 wherein said indicator means comprises a ferromagnetic core and the magnetic detector comprises an induction coil located axially thereabout, said coil adapted for carrying an electrical current being variable in accordance with the axial position of the core. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) A solar collector as set forth in claim 10 wherein said indicator means comprises a magnet being axially aligned with the envelope and the magnetic detector comprises switch means being located to encounter said magnet, said switch means being operative to open and close in accordance with the axial position of the magnet. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) A solar collector as set forth in claim 10 wherein said envelope has a diameter over its length for accommodating the absorber means in spaced relation and includes an axially aligned tubulation portion of substantially reduced diameter at one end thereof for receiving the indicator means axially therein, and the detector being closely coupled with the indicator means immediately without said tubulation portion. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) A solar collector as set forth in claim 9 including light source means for projecting light produced thereby towards said absorber means, a portion of said absorber means exposed to said projected light being light reflective for producing a significant amount of reflected light, said reflected light being variable in intensity as the absorber means moves as a result of expansion and contraction, the sensing means being sensitive to the variation in reflected light for producing the outputs corresponding to the temperature of the absorber means as said absorber means expands and contracts. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) A solar collector as set forth in claim 15 wherein said light source is coherent. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) A solar collector as set forth in claim 15 wherein said reflective portion of said absorber means is mirrored. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) A solar collector as set forth in claim 15 further including shading means located in the vicinity of the light source and sensing means for suppressing ambient light from striking the said sensing means.