# US 4,395,951 A · Water-armed/air-safed release apparatus

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- Number: US 4,395,951 A
- Document ID: US4395951A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/230,577
- Filed: 1981-02-02
- Granted: 1983-08-02
- Earliest claimed: 1981-02-02
- Assignees: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy
- Inventors: Douglas M. Hinely; Louis J. Montesi; Robert R. Durrell; Charles W. Goode
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4395951A

## CPC

- F42C 14/04: for torpedoes, marine mines or depth charges (influenced marine mines F42B22/04)
- B63B 21/60: Quick releases
- F42B 3/006: {Explosive bolts; Explosive actuators (explosive valves F16K13/06; explosive cutting B23D15/145; explosive switches H01H39/00; pyrotechnical actuators F15B15/19)}
- F42C: AMMUNITION FUZES (blasting cartridge initiators F42B3/10; chemical aspects C06C); ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR (filling fuzes F42B33/02; fitting or extracting primers in or from fuzes F42B33/04; containers for fuzes F42B39/30)
- B63B: SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING (arrangements of vessel ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning B63J2/00; floating substructures as supports of dredgers or soil-shifting machines E02F9/06)
- F42B: EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION (explosive compositions C06B; fuzes F42C; blasting F42D)

## Abstract

An improved release apparatus, including an actuator device, a release dee and a firing device, releases the firing device in a water environment and not in an air environment when the actuator device is remotely actuated. When in a water environment, a predetermined gas pressure from the actuator device drives forward a pusher piston and valve sleeve arrangement, disposed in a water chamber of the release device, initially to close off lower entry/exit orifices in the water chamber by action of the valve sleeve, and then to compress an entrapped column of water to a predetermined water pressure sufficiently to cause shearing off of an annular lip of a ball lock piston thereby separating the firing device from the release device. When in an air environment, the pressure from a compressed entrapped air column is not sufficient to cause shearing off or folding down of the annular lip of the ball lock piston, and, accordingly, the release apparatus is safed.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An improved water-armed/air-safed release apparatus having an actuator device, a release device and a firing device for separating said firing device from said release device in a water environment and not in an air environment, said release device being operatively mated at a bottom end of said firing device and at a top end to said actuator device, said actuator device being configured to generate a predetermined gas pressure when actuated, wherein the improvement comprises:
a water chamber configured coaxially in said release device and including, a water chamber shoulder, a plurality of upper entry/exit orifices and a plurality of lower entry/exit orifices;
a valve sleeve slidable disposed in said water chamber; and
a pusher piston operatively coupled at a lower end to a top end of said valve sleeve and operatively seated at a top end to an upper portion of said water chamber such that when said actuator device is actuated, the predetermined gas pressure is generated causing said pusher piston to translate forward pushing said valve sleeve forward against said water chamber shoulder, sealing off said lower entry/exit orifices and opening up said upper entry/exit orifices, thereby entrapping a column of water in a central bore of said valve sleeve and a central recess of said pusher piston, and providing an exit for the water in said upper portion of said water chamber, and such that when said pusher piston translates further forward within said central bore of said valve sleeve, the entrapped column of water therein is compressed to a predetermined water pressure, the water in said upper portion of said water chamber being forced out of said upper/exit orifices into the water environment.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The release apparatus of claim 1 wherein said actuator device is threadably mounted to said top end of said release device and said actuator device further includes, a first sealing means disposed between it and said top end of said release device for sealing against water entry and gas exit.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The release apparatus of claim 1 wherein said pusher piston further includes:
a pusher piston annular lip integral with said top end thereof for seating in said upper portion of said water chamber, said pusher piston annular lip being configured to shear off when the predetermined gas pressure is generated;
a pusher piston shoulder disposed adjacent said pusher piston annular lip for forcing the water in said upper portion of said water chamber out of said upper entry/exit orifices, and for stopping said pusher piston against said top end of said valve sleeve; and
a second sealing means disposed between said pusher piston shoulder and said pusher piston annular lip and contiguous to said pusher piston shoulder for sealing against water entry and gas exit.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The release apparatus of claim 1 wherein said lower entry/exit orifices are configured and positioned in a lower portion of said water chamber to allow water to exit by gravity when said release apparatus is submerged in the water environment and subsequently retrieved without remote actuation.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The release apparatus of claim 1 wherein said bottom end of said release device further includes, an interfacing body portion for operatively mating with said firing device, said interfacing body portion having a ball lock piston cavity configured coaxially there in and a plurality of ball openings disposed symmetrically about the periphery thereof.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The release apparatus of claim 5 wherein said firing device further includes, a ball lock cavity configured coaxially therein, and an annular groove fabricated in said ball lock cavity for operatively mating with said release device.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The release apparatus of claim 6 wherein said ball lock piston further includes:
a ball lock piston annular lip integral with a top end thereof for seating in an upper portion of said ball lock piston cavity;
an end body portion configured to be slidable in said ball lock piston cavity and positioned adjacent said plurality of ball openings when said ball lock piston is secured; and
an intermediate body portion intermediate said ball lock piston annular lip and said end body portion and configured to provide a recess adjacent said plurality of ball openings when said ball lock piston is translated forward.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The release apparatus of claim 7 further including, a plurality of locking balls for seating into corresponding ones of said plurality of ball openings in said interfacing body portion of said release device, and for seating into said annular groove of said firing device up against said end body portion of said ball lock piston so as to lock said release device and said firing device together.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The release apparatus of claim 8 further including, a locking wire for keying through said upper portion of said ball lock piston cavity of said release device proximate to said top end of said ball lock piston and said ball lock piston annular lip for securing said ball lock piston in said ball lock piston cavity against backward translation, said ball lock piston annular lip being configured to shear off when the predetermined water pressure is generated, thereby translating forward until the recess is adjacent said plurality of locking balls whereupon they fall into the recess causing separation of said firing device from said release device.