# US 4,395,882 A · Freeze protection apparatus for solar collectors

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- Number: US 4,395,882 A
- Document ID: US4395882A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/236,096
- Filed: 1981-02-20
- Granted: 1983-08-02
- Earliest claimed: 1978-11-13
- Assignees: Sunspool Corporation
- Inventors: Michael A. Kast; David P. Bagshaw; Harry T. Whitehouse
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4395882A

## CPC

- F24S 50/40: responsive to temperature
- Y02B 10/20: Solar thermal
- Y02E 10/40: Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- F24S: SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS (for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G6/00)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A support member is used to mount a heat motor and at least one electrical resistance heating element for actuating said heat motor. The support member is made of a thermally conductive material with cylindrical openings which receive the motor and heating element(s). Heat from the resistance element actuates the motor by heat conductance through the support.

## Claims

### Claim 1

Structure which comprises:
a support member for holding at least one heating element and at least one heat motor, said support member having a first end and a second end containing respectively a first face and a second face, said first and second faces being substantially parallel to each other, said support member comprising a thermally conductive material and including a first cylindrical opening extending from said first face to said second face thereby forming a cylindrical hole through said support member, said first cylindrical opening being adapted for receipt of said at least one heat motor, and at least one second cylindrical opening formed through said support member from said first face to said second face parallel to said first cylindrical opening, said second cylindrical opening being adapted for receipt of at least one heating element;
at least one heat motor mounted in said first opening, said support member supporting said at least one heat motor such that when said at least one heat motor is heated and thus expands, it is retained to expand along the axis of said first cylindrical opening; and
a resistive element mounted in said second cylindrical opening to serve as said at least one heating element.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

Structure as in claim 1 wherein said heat motor is press fit in said first cylindrical opening.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

Structure as in claim 1 wherein said heating element comprises a resistive heater which is epoxied in said second opening.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

Structure as in claim 1 wherein said first cylindrical opening comprises two arms shaped so as to form a cylindrical enclosure, said two arms approaching but not touching each other at their extremities so as to leave unclosed a portion of said cylindrical enclosure.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

Structure as in claim 1 wherein said at least one second cylindrical opening comprises a single opening which is formed of two arms shaped to form a cylindrical enclosure, said two arms approaching but not touching each other at their extremities so as to leave open one portion of said cylindrical surface.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

Structure as in claim 1 wherein said at least one second cylindrical opening comprises a plurality of openings in said structure for receipt of a plurality of heating elements.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

Structure as in claim 1 wherein said thermally conductive material comprises aluminum.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

Structure as in claim 1 wherein said at least one second cylindrical opening comprises two openings and said structure further includes:
a temperature sensor placed in one of said two openings, said temperature sensor providing signals to turn on and off said at least one heating element.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

Structure as in claim 8 wherein said at least one heat motor comprises two heat motors thereby to double the expansion capable of being achieved compared to the expansion achievable with one heat motor.