# US 4,395,702 A · Bulk acoustic wave integrated optical deflector and monolithic A/D converter using such deflector

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- Number: US 4,395,702 A
- Document ID: US4395702A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/273,177
- Filed: 1981-06-12
- Granted: 1983-07-26
- Earliest claimed: 1979-10-09
- Assignees: Westinghouse Electric Corp.
- Inventors: Milton Gottlieb; Gerald B. Brandt
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4395702A

## CPC

- G02B 6/12004: {Combinations of two or more optical elements}
- G02F 1/335: having an optical waveguide structure
- G02F 7/00: Optical analogue/digital converters
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS

## Abstract

Method and apparatus is described for interacting bulk acoustic waves with an optical waveguide on a common substrate to switch, modulate or deflect guided light at a very high speed. A direct application lies in a monolithic optical analog-to-digital converter. To this effect, a plurality of transducer elements regularly spaced in an array across the optical waveguide are controlled with constant or variable phase shift along a slope, thus causing deflection of the guided light in a fashion analog to phased-array radar technique. A fully integrated monolithic device is constructed combining the bulk acoustic wave generating and optical waveguide functions.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A monolithic optical analog-to-digital (A/D) converter comprising:
a common substrate having a general direction and a surface plane;
an optical waveguide formed on said substrate in said phase and along said surface adapted for passing guided light therethrough;
an array of ultrasonic transducer elements integrated with said optical waveguide in a zone of acoustic interaction therewith across said general direction for generating bulk acoustic waves normally of said optical waveguide in said zone and for interaction with the guided light;
phase shifter means integrated with said optical waveguide and associated with said transducer elements for introducing cummulative phase shifts of identical relative magnitude between consecutive transducer elements of said array thereby to cause deflection of the guided light;
said phase shifter means being controlled by an analog signal to establish a deflection angle for said guided light in relation to the magnitude thereof;
an array of photo-detecting devices integrated with said waveguide for receiving guided light deflected by said phase shifter devices; and
means responsive to said photo-detecting devices for generating a digital signal in relation to said deflection angle and said analog signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The A/D converter of claim 1 with an optical lens integrated with said waveguide and intersposed between said zone and said array of photo-detecting devices; each of said photo-detecting devices being at a focal length of said optical lens with respect to deflected light of said waveguide.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The A/D converter of claim 1 with said transducer-elements being disposed across said general direction with a spacing between consecutive transducer elements varying in a quadratic manner from one end of said array of transducer elements to the other end; whereby incident light is focused after interaction with said bulk acoustic waves and deflection of the guided light; said photo-detecting devices being at a focal length with respect to the deflected light of said optical waveguide.