# US 4,395,637 A · Optically toggled latch-free normally off switch

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 4,395,637 A
- Document ID: US4395637A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/328,367
- Filed: 1981-12-07
- Granted: 1983-07-26
- Earliest claimed: 1981-12-07
- Assignees: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated
- Inventors: Mahmoud A. E. Hamamsy
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4395637A

## CPC

- H03K 17/0824: {in thyristor switches}
- H03K 17/567: Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
- H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M)

## Abstract

A normally-OFF switch includes a transistor branch path and a parallel pair of oppositely poled thyristor branch paths to protect against voltage surges. To minimize latching-on of the thyristors as a result of voltage surges, the thyristor branch paths including light emitting diodes which light up when excess current flows in the thyristor branch paths and actuate a photodiode array which biases the transistor path to conduction to divert excess current from the thyristor path.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A switch comprising a transistor branch and at least one thyristor branch and in which the conducting state of the transistor branch is adapted to be controlled optically CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the thyristor branch includes a light source which is actuated by excess current through the thyristor branch and which is coupled to light sensitive means capable of controlling the conducting state of the transistor branch whereby excess current through the thyristor makes the transistor branch conductive.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A switch in accordance with claim 1 in which the transistor branch when conducting can divert excess current from the thyristor branch whereby in the absence of voltage surges the light source in the thyristor branch is OFF.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

A switch in accordance with claim 2 in which the transistor branch comprises a pair of serially connected normally-off transistors and the node between these transistors is electrically connected to the gate of the thyristor whereby conduction in the transistor branch is adapted to trigger conduction in the thyristor branch.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

A switch in accordance with claim 3 in which the thyristor is adapted to be turned ON in response to voltage surges of appropriate polarity independent of the conduction state of the transistor branch.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

A switch in accordance with claim 4 which includes a pair of thyristor branches in parallel and oppositely poled.

### Claim 6

A normally-OFF switch including a pair of terminals comprising means forming a first conduction path between said terminals including a pair of serially connected transistors biased to be normally-OFF,
means forming a second conduction path between said terminals including a thyristor and a light source adapted to radiate when the current in the second path is sufficient,
photosensitive means adapted to be illuminated selectively by control light and when illuminated to bias the transistors ON,
photosensitive means adapted to be illuminated selectively by said light source and when illuminated to bias the transistors ON, and
the gate of the thyristor being connected to the node between the transistors whereby triggering current is provided for the thyristor and further CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the thyristor is adapted to be turned ON by voltage surges between the terminals even when the transistors are OFF, and the resulting excess current causes radiation by the light source whereby the transistors are turned ON to divert enough current from the thyristor path that the thyristor is turned OFF when the voltage surges subside.