# US 4,395,581 A · Concave mirror constituted by a plurality of plane facets and solar generator comprising such a mirror > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,395,581 A - Document ID: US4395581A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/347,899 - Filed: 1982-02-11 - Granted: 1983-07-26 - Earliest claimed: 1981-02-20 - Assignees: Societa Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale - Inventors: Alain Girard - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4395581A ## CPC - H10F 77/488: {Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection} - F24S 23/71: with parabolic reflective surfaces (with cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces F24S23/74) - F24S 30/452: Vertical primary axis - F24S 2020/16: {Preventing shading effects} - Y02E 10/40: Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers - Y02E 10/46: Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines - Y02E 10/47: Mountings or tracking - Y02E 10/52: PV systems with concentrators - H10F: INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION - F24S: SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS (for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G6/00) - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract The present invention relates to a concave mirror composed of a plurality of planar facets. According to the invention, all the facets are identical and the two dimensions of said facets are such that the square root of their product is at least approximately equal to the ratio of the focal distance of the mirror and of the square root of the rate of concentration of the mirror. The invention finds application in the concentration of solar energy in solar generators. ## Claims ### Claim 1 In a concave mirror which is adapted to provide when aimed towards a remote light source such as the sun, a useful focal or quasi-focal spot of at least approximately square or rectangular form and of predetermined dimensions, said useful spot being centred on the axis of said mirror, the reflecting surface of said mirror being constituted by a plurality of identical planar facets whose shape and dimensions correspond to those of said useful spot and which are disposed in rows and in columns, so that the section of the reflected beam coming from each planar facet totally covers said useful spot, the two dimensions of said facets being such that the square root of their product is at least approximately equal to the ratio of the focal distance of the mirror and of the square root of the concentration factor of said mirror. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The concave mirror of claim 1, in which said facets are square. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1, 2) The concave mirror of either one of claims 1 or 2, in which each facet presents dimensions substantially equal to those of said useful spot, wherein, in the rows and columns, the individual facets are rotated in their plane and about their centre so that the section of the beam reflected by each of them totally covers said useful spot, the amplitude of this rotation being greater as the facet is more remote from the vertex of the mirror. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The concave mirror of claim 3, of the paraboloid of revolution type, in which a first system of coordinates OX,OY,OZ is established such that 0 is the vertex of the mirror, OZ the axis of the mirror, OX the projection on the plane orthogonal to axis OZ at 0, of the axis of the lines of mirrors, and OY the projection on the same plane of the axis of the columns of said mirrors, as well as a second system of coordinates Qu, Qv, Qw, such that Q is the centre of a facet having the coordinates X and Y in the first system, Qw the normal to the facet at Q, Qu the axis of the plane of the facet projecting on the plane XOY in alignment with the projection on the same plane XOY of OQ, and Qv being orthogonal to the plane uQw, wherein, in these two systems of coordinates, the positions of each of the corners (p,q,r,s) of the facet are defined by the value of the angles .theta.p, .theta.q, .theta.r and .theta.s, of vertex Q and of axis of origin Qu, such that ##EQU5## in which f is the focal distance of the mirror, K represents the angle through which a mirror located at a distance from the focal axis equal to the focal distance would be rotated, and d.sub.1 and d.sub.2 are the lengths of the facets substantially parallel to axes OX and OY respectively. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The concave mirror of claim 4, wherein the different angles appearing in the formulae are expressed in degrees and K is approximately equal to 25.degree.. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The concave mirror of claim 1, wherein the planar facets are tangential to the surface of a paraboloid of revolution. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The concave mirror of claim 1, wherein its outer contour is a curvilinear square or rectangle. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) A solar generator comprising a solar concentrator and an arrangement of photovoltaic cells, wherein said solar concentrator is constituted by the mirror of claim 1, and the sensitive face of said arrangement of photovoltaic cells corresponds at least approximately in shape and in dimensions to said useful focal or quasi-focal spot and is superposed thereon. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The solar generator of claim 8, in which the photovoltaic cell arrangement is supported by arms abutting on the periphery of the mirror, wherein the zones of the mirror corresponding to the zones of shadow cast by the arms supporting the photovoltaic cell arrangement and/or by said arrangement when the axis of the mirror is aimed towards the sun, are not reflecting. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The solar generator of claim 9, comprising four said arms for supporting the photovoltaic cell arrangement, defining two axial planes at right angles to each other, wherein said reflecting facets are distributed in four identical groups separated from one another by said non-reflecting zones in the shape of a cross, said zones being parallel to the rows and columns of photovoltaic cells. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The solar generator of claim 9, wherein the shadow of the photovoltaic cell arrangement on the mirror covers the central part of the cross and the four central quarters of the four facets directly surrounding the vertex of the mirror.