# US 4,395,308 A · Spiral fabric papermakers felt and method of making > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,395,308 A - Document ID: US4395308A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/273,031 - Filed: 1981-06-12 - Granted: 1983-07-26 - Earliest claimed: 1981-06-12 - Assignees: Scapa Dyers Inc. - Inventors: Donald Dawes - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4395308A ## CPC - D21F 1/0072: {Link belts} - D21F 7/08: Felts - Y10S 162/902: Woven fabric for papermaking drier section - Y10T 428/249922: Embodying intertwined or helical component[s] - Y10T 428/2973: Particular cross section - D21F: PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON - Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A dryer felt comprising a plurality of spiral coils disposed in a common plane and arranged in a side-by-side relationship with adjacent coils being intermeshed and joined together in a hinged relationship by a hinge yarn of non-circular cross section. During manufacture, the fabric is subjected to a heat treatment under controlled tension to cause the spiral coils, which are normally circular or oval in cross section, to assume the shape of the non-circular stuffer yarns which are typically of elliptical, D-shape, dog bone or two or more rectangular circular cross section yarns with the long side of the stuffer yarn lying in the plane of the fabric. In this way, the air voids within the fabric are substantially filled by the hinge yarns to reduce permeability, while the flattened spiral coils provide smooth paper-receiving and machine roll contacting surfaces on the resultant dryer felt. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A papermakers fabric comprising: a plurality of hinge yarns, all of said hinge yarns extending in a common direction; and a plurality of spiral coils disposed in a common plane in a side-by-side relationship, each of said coils extending in said common direction, adjacent coils of said spiral intermeshed and joined together in a hinged relationship by at least one of said hinge yarns, said hinge yarns having non-circular cross sections. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The papermakers fabric of claim 1 wherein at least one of said spiral coils and said hinge yarns are synthetic monofilaments. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The papermakers fabric of claim 2 wherein said synthetic material is chosen from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide polyolefin and polyetheretherketone. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The papermakers fabric of claim 1, wherein the yarns constituting said sprial coils have a non-circular cross section. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The papermakers fabric of claim 1, wherein said non-circular cross section is selected from the group consisting of a rectangular cross section, an elliptical cross section, a D-shaped cross section, and a dog bone shaped cross section. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The papermakers fabric of claim 1, wherein each of said non-circular cross sections has a long axis and a short axis, said long axes of said hinge yarns being aligned substantially parallel to the plane of the fabric, and said short axes of said hinge yarns being substantially perpendicular to the plane of the fabric. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The papermakers fabric of claim 6, wherein said short and long axes of each hinge yarn are in the ratio of about 1:1.1 to about 1:6. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The papermakers fabric of claim 7, wherein said ratio is in the range of about 1:1.1 to about 1:2.5. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The papermakers fabric of claim 1, wherein each of said spiral coils comprises a bundle of multfilaments or monofilaments treated with a resin to act as a monofilament. ### Claim 10 A dryer fabric comprising: a plurality of cross-machine direction spiral coils disposed in a common plane in a side-by-side relationship to form the machine direction of a dryer fabric of desired length, adjacent of said spiral coils intermeshed and joined together in a hinged relationship by a cross-machine direction hinge yarn, said hinge yarn having a non-circular cross section. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The dryer fabric of claim 10, wherein said spiral coils are formed from yarns that act like a monofilament. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The dryer fabric of claim 11, wherein said spiral coils are synthetic monofilaments. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The dryer fabric of claim 11, wherein each of said spiral coils is made from a bundle of multifilaments or monofilaments treated with a resin so that said bundle acts as a monofilament. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The dryer fabric of claim 10, wherein said hinge yarns are formed from yarns that act like a monofilament. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The dryer fabric of claim 14, wherein hinge yarns are synthetic monofilaments. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The dryer fabric of claim 14, wherein each of said hinge yarns is made from a bundle of multifilaments or monofilaments treated with a resin so that said bundle acts as a monofilament. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The dryer fabric of claim 12, wherein said synthetic material is chosen from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin and polyetheretherketone. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The dryer fabric of claim 15, wherein said synthetic material is chosen from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin and polyetheretherketone. ### Claim 19 (depends on 10) The dryer fabric of claim 10, wherein said non-circular cross section is selected from the group consisting of a rectangular cross section, an elliptical cross section, a D-shaped cross section, and a dog bone shaped cross section. ### Claim 20 (depends on 10) The papermakers fabric of claim 10, wherein each of said non-circular cross sections has a long axis and a short axis, said long axes of said hinge yarns being aligned substantially parallel to the plane of the fabric, and said short axes of said hinge yarns being substantially perpendicular to the plane of the fabric. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The papermakers fabric of claim 20, wherein said short and long axes of each hinge yarn are in the ratio of about 1:1.1 to about 1:6. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The papermakers fabric of claim 21, wherein said ratio is in the range of about 1:1.1 to about 1:2.5. ### Claim 23 A dryer fabric comprising: a plurality of spiral coils arranged side-by-side in a common plane with adjacent coils being joined together by a hinge yarn in a hinged relationship, said coils providing a flat paper receiving surface and a flat machine roll contacting surface, two of said hinge yarns occupying substantially the entire interior of any given spiral coil. ### Claim 24 The method of making a dryer fabric comprising the steps of: positioning a plurality of spiral coils in a common plane in a side-by-side relationship; intermeshing adjacent coils; joining said intermeshed coils through the introduction of a hinge yarn of non-circular cross section to create a hinged relationship between the adjacent coils; and subjecting the fabric to heat treatment while under controlled tension in order to cause said spiral yarns to flatten and press up against the long surfaces of said non-circular yarns. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24, wherein said non-circular cross sections of said hinge yarns have a long axis and a short axis, and said positioning step includes aligning said hinge yarns so that said long axes are substantially parallel to the plane of the fabric and said short axes are substantially perpendicular to the plane of the fabric. ### Claim 26 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24, further comprising the step of selecting for said plurality of spiral coils, coils made of yarns of non-circular cross section. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) The papermakers fabric of claim 1, wherein said at least one of said hinge yarns is a composite of at least two yarns of circular cross- section arranged next to one another in a common plane and together forming a non-circular cross-section. ### Claim 28 A papermakers fabric comprising: a plurality of hinge yarns, all of said hinge yarns extending in a common direction; and a plurality of spiral coils disposed in a common plane in a side-by-side relationship, each of said coils extending in a common direction, adjacent of said spiral coils being intermeshed and joined together in a hinged relationship by at least one of said hinge yarns, each of said spiral coils formed from yarns having a non-circular cross section. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The papermakers fabric of claim 28, wherein said hinge yarns are of non-circular cross section. ### Claim 30 (depends on 28) The papermakers fabric of claim 28, wherein said non-circular cross section is selected from the group consisting of a rectangular cross section, an elliptical cross section, a D-shaped cross section, and a dog bone shaped cross section. ### Claim 31 (depends on 28) The papermakers fabric of claim 28, wherein each of said spiral coils comprises a bundle of filaments treated with a resin to act as a monofilament. ### Claim 32 A dryer fabric comprising: a plurality of cross-machine direction spiral coils disposed in a common plane in a side-by-side relationship to form the machine direction of a dryer fabric of desired length, adjacent of said spiral coils intermeshed and joined together in a hinged relationship by a cross-machine direction hinge yarn, each of said spiral coils formed from yarns having a non-circular cross section. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The dryer fabric of claim 32, wherein said spiral coils are formed from yarns that act like a monofilament. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The dryer fabric of claim 33, wherein said spiral coils are synthetic monofilaments. ### Claim 35 (depends on 33) The dryer fabric of claim 33, wherein each of said spiral coils is made from a bundle of filaments treated with resin so that said bundle acts as a monofilament. ### Claim 36 (depends on 32) The dryer fabric of claim 32, wherein said non-circular cross section is selected from the group consisting of a rectangular cross section, an elliptical cross section, a D-shaped cross section, and a dog bone shaped cross section.