# US 4,395,221 A · Tubular extrusion apparatus > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,395,221 A - Document ID: US4395221A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/294,599 - Filed: 1981-08-20 - Granted: 1983-07-26 - Earliest claimed: 1980-01-04 - Assignees: Mobil Oil Corporation - Inventors: F. John Herrington - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4395221A ## CPC - B29C 48/70: comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows - B29C 48/09: Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels - B29C 48/10: flexible, e.g. blown foils - B29C 48/21: the layers being joined at their surfaces - B29C 48/3363: {using a layered die, e.g. stacked discs} - B29C 48/34: Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated - B29C 48/335: Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles - B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00) ## Abstract An apparatus is provided to ensure uniform distribution of molten thermoplastic resin around a tubular die annulus upon extrusion of a thermoplastic tube. The apparatus comprises a first toroidal or partly toroidal (C-shaped) chamber surrounding the die into which the molten resin is fed from one side, and a plurality of openings through which the molten plastic flows from the first chamber into a second toroidal chamber, which feeds the die annulus. The cross-sectional area of each of the openings is gradually increased from a point adjacent the entry of the molten resin to a maximum feed opening cross-section at a point farthest removed from the resin entry point. This arrangement ensures a more uniform molten resin distribution around the die annulus during extrusion. To improve uniformity of resin distribution through the die for different resins having different flow characteristics, the openings are arranged to have as large a length as possible, preferably by being oriented axially of the die, and the length may progressively decrease from one opening to another beginning at a resin inlet. Resin stagnation is minimized by progressively decreasing the cross sectional area of the first chamber from a point closest to a resin inlet to a point farthest removed from the inlet. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A side-fed tubular extrusion die comprising: a sidewall defining the exterior of said die, an inlet orifice in said sidewall for introducing a molten resin into said die, a first chamber located interiorly of said die in communication with said inlet orifice and extending circumferentially of said die so that the longitudinal extent of said chamber forms a C-shape, said inlet orifice communicating with said C-shaped first chamber at a point intermediate the ends thereof, said C-shaped first chamber receiving a molten resin introduced through said inlet orifice, a second toroidal-shaped chamber located interiorly of said die, an annular interior die wall separating said first and second chambers, a plurality of openings provided in and spaced along said interior die wall, said openings interconnecting said first and second chambers to allow said second chamber to receive a molten resin from said first chamber, and an extrusion gap defined by a mandrel positioned coaxially within said die and an interior die sidewall coaxial with said mandrel, said extrusion gap receiving molten resin from said second toroidal-shaped chamber. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A tubular extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein a pair of said openings are respectively provided at ends of said C-shaped first chamber. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A tubular extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of said openings progressively increases from an opening closest to said inlet orifice to an opening farthest removed from said inlet orifice. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) A tubular extrusion die as in claim 3 wherein a said opening closest to said inlet orifice is out of axial registration with said inlet orifice to prevent said molten resin from taking a straight path from said inlet orifice through said closest opening and into said second chamber. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A tubular extrusion die as in claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of said C-shaped first chamber progressively decreases from a point where said C-shaped first chamber communicates with said inlet orifice to the ends of said C-shaped first chamber. ### Claim 6 A side-fed tubular extrusion die comprising: a sidewall defining the exterior of said die, an inlet orifice in said sidewall for introducing a molten resin into said die, a first chamber located interiorly of said inlet orifice and extending circumferentially of said die so that the longitudinal extent of said chamber forms a C-shape, said inlet orifice communicating with said C-shaped first chamber at a point intermediate the ends thereof, said C-shaped first chamber receiving a molten resin introduced through said inlet orifice, a second toroidal-shaped chamber located interiorly of said die, an interior die wall separating said first and second chambers, a plurality of openings provided in and spaced along said interior die wall and oriented in a substantially axial direction of said die, said openings interconnecting said first and second chambers to allow said second chamber to receive a molten resin from said first chamber, and an extrusion gap defined by a mandrel positioned coaxially within said die and an interior die sidewall coaxial with said mandrel, said extrusion gap receiving molten resin from said second toroidal-shaped chamber. ### Claim 7 A side-fed tubular extrusion die comprising: a sidewall defining the exterior of said die, an inlet orifice in said sidewall for introducing a molten resin into said die, a first at least partly toroidal-shaped chamber located interiorly of said die in communication with said inlet orifice for receiving a molten resin introduced through said inlet orifice, a second toroidal-shaped chamber located interiorly of said die, an interior die wall separating said first and second chambers, a plurality of openings provided in and spaced along said interior die wall, said openings having respective lengths which progressively decrease from an opening closest to said inlet orifice to an opening farthest removed therefrom, said openings interconnecting said first and second chambers to allow said second chamber to receive a molten resin from said first chamber, and an extrusion gap defined by a mandrel positioned coaxially within said die and an interior die sidewall coaxial with said mandrel, said extrusion gap receiving molten resin from said second toroidal-shaped chamber. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A tubular extrusion die as in claim 7 wherein said first chamber has a longitudinal extent which forms a C-shape. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) A tubular extrusion die as in claim 7 wherein said first chamber is in the shape of complete torus. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6, 7) A tubular extrusion die as in claims 6 or 7 wherein the cross-sectional area of said openings progressively increases from an opening closest to said inlet orifice to an opening farthest removed from said inlet orifice. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) A tubular extrusion die as in claim 6 wherein the length of said openings progressively decreases from an opening closest to said inlet orifice to an opening farthest removed therefrom. ### Claim 12 (depends on 6, 7) A tubular extrusion die as in claims 6 or 7 wherein said first chamber has a cross sectional area which progressively decreases from a point thereof closest to said inlet orifice to a point farthest removed from said inlet orifice.