# US 4,395,024 A · Apparatus for hardening metallic workpieces including furnace and workpiece transport structure, a part of which can remain in the furnace during furnace operation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,395,024 A - Document ID: US4395024A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/338,058 - Filed: 1982-01-08 - Granted: 1983-07-26 - Earliest claimed: 1981-01-17 - Assignees: Klockner Ionon GmbH - Inventors: Wolfgang Rembges; Jan G. Elwart - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4395024A ## CPC - H05B 7/16: Heating by glow discharge - C21D 1/38: Heating by cathodic discharges - F27B 17/0016: {Chamber type furnaces} - F27B 19/04: arranged for associated working - F27D 3/0024: {of metallic workpieces} - F27B 17/0033: {the floor of the furnaces consisting of the support carrying the charge, e.g. car type furnaces} - F27D 99/0006: {Electric heating elements or system} - F27D 2003/0065: {Lifts, e.g. containing the bucket elevators} - F27D 2007/066: {Vacuum} - H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL - C21D: MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING (surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by this subclass C23F17/00; unidirectional solidification of eutectic materials or unidirectional demixing of eutectoid materials C30B) - F27B: FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS - F27D: DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE ## Abstract An apparatus for the treatment of a metallic workpiece includes (a) a transport structure which includes a mounting portion and a platform portion, the platform portion, which is the part of the transport structure on which the workpiece to be treated is positioned, being electrically insulated from the mounting portion, and (b) a hollow furnace which includes heating elements and two spaced apart electrodes, the furnace being constructed to allow the platform portion of the transport structure to be located within the hollow furnace during its operation while the mounting portion remains exterior thereto. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for the treatment of a workpiece which comprises: a furnace, said furnace including a hollow body having an open end and defining a treatment chamber therein, a door pivotally connected to said hollow body to open or close the open end thereof, upper and lower heating means located within said treatment chamber, two electrodes located within said treatment chamber between said upper and lower heating means, one of said electrodes being in the form of a cup-shaped Faraday cage whose open end faces the open end of said hollow body, and two electrical lines, each of said electrical lines being attached at one of its ends to a respective electrode and then extending through an electrically insulated opening in said hollow body so as to be connected to a voltage source located outside of said hollow body, each said electrical line being electrically insulated from all other elements of the furnace, and a transport structure, said transport structure being movable with respect to said furnace and including a metallic mounting portion and a metallic platform portion, said platform portion being electrically insulated from said mounting portion, and said transport sturcture being constructed such that said mounting portion is located outside of said hollow body when said transport structure is moved with respect to said furnace such that said platform portion, which at least initially supports the metallic workpiece to be treated, is operatively positioned within said treatment chamber and the door of said furnace is pivoted to close the open end of said furnace. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the platform portion of said transport structure includes two parallel beam elements and a number of parallel cross brace elements connected between said beam elements so as to form a grate structure. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the mounting portion of said transport structure includes two spaced apart, triangularly-shaped frame elements. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein the insulating means positioned where the platform portion of said transport structure is connected to the mounting portion comprises ceramic sleeves. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said ceramic sleeves are located in holes formed in said frame elements, and wherein the ends of said beam elements of the platform portion nearest the mounting portion include projections which respectively fit within separate ceramic sleeves. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said door includes two spaced apart openings extending upwardly from the bottom thereof, and wherein the portions of said frame elements of the mounting portion of said transport structure and said beam elements of the platform portion of said platform structure which are adjacent said ceramic sleeves extend through the respective openings in said door when said platform portion is fully extended into said treatment chamber and said door is closed over the open end of said hollow body. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein shrouds are mounted in said hollow body, said shrouds being capable of covering a part of an associated opening in said door when said platform portion is fully extended into said treatment chamber and said door is closed over the open end of said hollow body. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein the second of said electrodes is in the form of an arm which is vertically movable and downwardly biased, and wherein said arm electrode is positioned within said treatment chamber such that it will contact the platform portion of said transport structure when said transport structure is extended into said treatment chamber. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus as defined in claim 8 wherein the end of at least one beam element of the platform portion of said transport structure opposite the end connected to the mounting portion is downwardly sloped for contact with said arm electrode. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein said furnace includes a lifting means, said lifting means including a metallic pallet located in said treatment chamber and a number of supporting legs which are connected to said pallet to vertically move it within said treatment chamber, said supporting legs extending through openings in the bottom wall of said hollow chamber, and said pallet comprising said second electrode. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein said pallet is sized to fit within and be movable through the openings formed between the beam elements and cross brace elements of the platform portion of said transport structure, and wherein said pallet is electrically insulated from the supporting legs positioned therebelow. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The apparatus as defined in claim 9 wherein the platform portion of said transport structure includes a metallic plate-shaped floor and a number of axles attached below said plate-shaped floor, the opposite ends of each axle extending towards the respective elongated slots in the side walls of said hollow chamber. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein said furnace includes two elongated rails located outside said hollow body, each elongated rail being positioned below an elongated slot in a respective side wall of said hollow body. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein a first duct is connected to said hollow body to communicate with said treatment chamber therein so as to evacuate said treatment chamber. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The apparatus as defined in claim 14 wherein a second duct is connected to said hollow body to communicate with said treatment chamber therein so as to provide a suitable gas thereto. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein the mounting portion of said transport structure includes a multiplicity of wheel elements, each wheel element including a rotatable wheel and an electrically-insulating sleeve attached thereto, a separate wheel element being associated with each end of a respective axle of the platform portion of the transport structure, the wheel of each wheel element being located outside said hollow body and movably supported on one of the elongated rails, each insulated sleeve extending through the elongated slot in the associated side wall of the hollow body and into the treatment chamber, and each insulated sleeve surrounding a respective axle end. ### Claim 17 An apparatus for the treatment of a workpiece which comprises: a furnace defining a treatment chamber therein, said furnace including a hollow body having opposite side walls, a rear wall and an open end opposite said rear wall, said side walls including elongated slots extending from the open end of said hollow body toward the rear wall, a door pivotally connected to said hollow body to open or close the open end thereof, upper and lower heating means located within said treatment chamber, two electrodes located within said treatment chamber between said upper and lower heating means, one of said electrodes being cup-shaped, the open end of which faces the open end of said hollow body, and two electrical lines, each of said electrical lines being attached at one of its ends to a respective electrode and then extending through an electrically insulated opening in said hollow body so as to be connected to a voltage source located outside of said hollow body, each said electrical line being electrically insulated from all other elements of the furnace, and a transport structure, said transport structure being movable with respect to said furnace and including a metallic mounting portion and a metallic platform portion, said platform portion being electrically insulated from said mounting portion, and said transport structure being constructed such that said mounting portion is located outside of said hollow body when said transport structure is moved with respect to said furnace such that said platform portion, which at least initially supports the metallic workpiece to be treated, is operatively positioned within said treatment chamber and the door of said furnace is pivoted to close the open end of said furnace and such that parts of said transport structure extend through the elongated slots in said opposite side walls of said hollow chamber.