# US 4,394,529 A · Solar cell array with lightweight support structure > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,394,529 A - Document ID: US4394529A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/290,176 - Filed: 1981-08-05 - Granted: 1983-07-19 - Earliest claimed: 1981-08-05 - Assignees: RCA Corporation - Inventors: Raj N. Gounder - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4394529A ## CPC - B32B 3/12: characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure - B32B 15/20: comprising aluminium or copper {(B32B15/016 and B32B15/017 take precedence)} - B32B 37/142: {Laminating of sheets, panels or inserts, e.g. stiffeners, by wrapping in at least one outer layer, or inserting into a preformed pocket} - B64G 1/443: {Photovoltaic cell arrays} - H02S 30/10: Frame structures - H10F 19/00: Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules - B32B 2457/00: Electrical equipment - F24S 25/00: Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules - Y02E 10/50: Photovoltaic [PV] energy - Y10S 136/292: Space - satellite - Y10S 428/902: High modulus filament or fiber - Y10T 428/24149: Honeycomb-like - Y10T 428/2902: Channel shape - Y10T 428/2918: including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel] - Y10T 428/30: Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer - B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM - B64G: COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR - H02S: GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES (obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources G21H1/12; light sensitive inorganic semiconductor devices H10F; light sensitive organic semiconductor devices H10K30/00; thermoelectric devices H10N10/00; pyroelectric devices H10N15/00) - H10F: INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION - F24S: SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS (for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G6/00) - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A panel comprising an aluminum honeycomb core and outer face skins of Kevlar, a bi-directional epoxy-reinforced polyparabenzamide fabric which is a thermal and electrical insulator adhering to the core and forming the opposite flat surfaces of the panel. Solar cells are glued directly to one face skin while a set of epoxy-reinforced carbon fiber stiffeners are glued to the other face skin. The composite structure has a coefficient of thermal expansion closely matching that of the solar cells providing a very lightweight and stiff structure. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A structure comprising: an aluminum honeycomb core member having first and second surfaces, at least one ply of an epoxy-reinforced polyparabenzamide fabric sheet adhering to each said surfaces, a plurality of electrical devices having a given coefficient of thermal expansion adherently secured to the outer surface of one of said fabric epoxy sheets; and a plurality of epoxy-reinforced carbon fiber stiffener elements, each having a long axis and a transverse axis, said stiffener elements adhering to the exposed surface of the other of said fabric-epoxy sheets, said fabric epoxy sheets, electrical devices, and stiffener elements all having substantially the same effective coefficient of thermal expansion in a given direction parallel to the surfaces of said fabric epoxy sheets. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The structure of claim 1 wherein said stiffener elements each comprise a core layer of epoxy-reinforced carbon fibers woven in orthogonal directions formed into a channel extending in a direction parallel to said long axis and first and second flanges extending in a direction normal to said long axis from the extended edges of corresponding first and second legs of said channel, said elements further including at least one ply of epoxy-reinforced uni-directional carbon fibers whose fibers extend only in a direction parallel to said long axis, said latter at least one ply being attached to said flanges and the base region of said channel on both sides of said base region and on both sides of each of said flanges. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The structure of claim 1 wherein said stiffener elements include two parallel straight channel members extending edge-to-opposite-edge of said fabric-epoxy sheet and a group of straight channel members connected to and between said parallel members in a generally "H-shaped" array. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The structure of claim 3 wherein said stiffener elements are connected at spaced joints further including a plurality of polyparabenzamide fabric-epoxy reinforced gusset members over said elements at said spaced joints. ### Claim 5 A solar generator comprising: a composite structural sheet member including at least one layer of epoxy-reinforced polyparabenzamide woven fabric, a plurality of epoxy-reinforced carbon fiber stiffener elements secured to one side of said sheet member, said elements having a long axis, and an array of solar cells secured to a surface of said layer, wherein said stiffener elements in a direction parallel to said long axis, said sheet, and said solar cells all have effectively the same coefficient of thermal expansion. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The generator of claim 5 wherein said stiffener elements each comprise a channel member having a channel base member and a pair of channel legs extending from the base member and a pair of flanges extending from the extended leg edges, the channel base member comprising woven epoxy-reinforced carbon fibers in which the fibers are oriented in orthogonal directions, and at least one layer of epoxy-reinforced uni-directional carbon fibers on each side of said base and on each side of said flanges. ### Claim 7 In a panel including a core member and an array of electrical devices on one side thereof, each said device having an electrically conductive surface, in contact with said one side, the improvement comprising: a plurality of stiffener elements each having a long axis and a transverse axis, said elements being secured to the other side of said core member; each element comprising a layer of epoxy-reinforced woven carbon fibers which extend in a plurality of different weave directions and formed into a channel member, said channel member having a base member and first and second legs extending from the base member, said base member and legs extending in a direction parallel to said long axis, a first flange extending from the extended edge of one leg in one transverse direction and a second flange extending from the extended edge of the other leg in a second transverse direction, a plurality of layers of epoxy-reinforced carbon uni-directional fibers extending in a direction parallel to said long axis secured to said layer of woven carbon fibers, said carbon fibers having a composite coefficient of thermal expansion about the same as the devices in said array in said long direction, at least two of said layers of uni-directional fibers being on one side of said base member and a like number of layers of uni-directional fibers being secured on the other side of said base member, at least one layer of uni-directional epoxy-reinforced carbon fibers on each side of said flanges, the uni-directional fibers on said flanges and said base region all extending in the same direction parallel to said long axis, said stiffener elements each having a coefficient of thermal expansion in said direction parallel to said long axis substantially the same as that of the devices of said array. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The panel of claim 7 wherein said core member comprises at least one layer of an epoxy-reinforced woven polyparabenzamide fabric having a coefficient of thermal expansion about the same as said devices. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The panel of claim 7 wherein said elements further include an epoxy-reinforced woven carbon fiber layer secured to a side of each of the uni-directional fibers on one side of said flanges to form an enclosed tube with said base member and said legs. ### Claim 10 A solar generator structure comprising: an array of solar cells, each cell having about the same coefficient of thermal expansion; and a solar cell array support structure having a resonant frequency of at least 50 hertz when connected at certain spaced locations, comprising an aluminum honeycomb core and first and second dielectric sheets on respective first and second sides of said core and a plurality of epoxy-reinforced carbon fiber beams secured to one of said sheets, said beams having a long axis, said beams in a direction parallel to said long axis and said core-sheet structure all having a coefficient of thermal expansion of about the same value as that of the cells of said array, said sheets comprising woven epoxy-reinforced polyparabenzamide fibers. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The generator of claim 10 wherein said beams comprise a single layer of omni-directional epoxy-reinforced carbon fibers formed into a given shape and multiple layers of uni-directional epoxy-reinforced carbon fibers whose directionality is parallel to said long axis, a given number of uni-directional layers on one side of a portion of said omni-directional fibers being matched by a like number of uni-directional layers on the other side of said omni-directional fibers and extending in a direction parallel to said long axis from end to end of each said beam. ### Claim 12 A stiffening beam comprising: an elongated element of generally U-shaped cross-section with two flanges, both lying in the same plane, extending in opposite directions from the ends of the U, the element being formed of a first carbon fiber fabric impregnated with epoxy and cured; and at least two tapes, one on each surface of the base of the U, formed of uni-directional carbon fibers which extend parallel to the length dimension of the beam, each tape comprising an epoxy impregnated second carbon fiber fabric, the two tapes adhering to opposite surfaces of the base of the U. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The beam of claim 12 wherein the fibers of the first fabric are orthogonal to each other and approximately 45.degree. to the fibers of the tapes. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The beam of claim 12 further including at least one tape adhering to each surface of each flange and formed of uni-directional carbon fibers which extend parallel to the length dimension of the beams, the latter tape comprising an epoxy impregnated carbon fiber fabric.